Gao: A Glimpse into Ancient Mali

• HelloSannu
  [sah-nu]
• GoodbyeSai an jima
  [sahy ahn jee-mah]
• YesEh
  [eh]
• NoA'a
  [ah-ah]
• Please/You're welcomeKar ka gode
  [kar kah goh-deh]
• Thank youNa gode
  [nah goh-deh]
• Excuse me/SorryYanzu
  [yan-zoo]
• How are you?Yaya lafiya?
  [yah-yah lah-fee-yah]
• Fine. And you?Lafiya. Kana lafiya?
  [lah-fee-yah. kah-nah lah-fee-yah]
• Do you speak English?Kuna jin Turanci?
  [koo-nah jeen too-rahn-chee]
• I don't understandBan fahimci ba
  [bahn fah-heem-chee bah]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseZan iya duba menu, don Allah
  [zahn ee-yah doo-bah meh-noo, dohn ah-lah]
• I don't eat meatBan san ciya ba
  [bahn sahn chee-yah bah]
• Cheers!Masu alkawari!
  [mah-soo ahl-kah-wah-ree]
• I would like to pay, pleaseZan bada kudi, don Allah
  [zahn bah-dah koo-dee, dohn ah-lah]

• Help!Taimako!
  [tai-mah-koh]
• Go away!Jiya!
  [jee-yah]
• Call the Police!Tuntube masu zanga-zanga!
  [toon-too-beh mah-soo zahn-gah zahn-gah]
• Call a doctor!Tuntube likita!
  [toon-too-beh lee-kee-tah]
• I'm lostNa aji
  [nah ah-jee]
• I'm illNa yi lafiya
  [nah yee lah-fee-yah]

• I'd like to buy...Zan samu...
  [zahn sah-moo]
• I'm just lookingIna so na duba
  [ee-nah soh nah doo-bah]
• How much is it?An kira shi a lokacin da?
  [ahn kee-rah shee ah loh-kah-cheen dah]
• That's too expensiveWannan ya fi karfin
  [wahn-nahn yah fee kahr-feen]
• Can you lower the price?Zaka kawo yin farewa?
  [zah-kah kah-woh yeenn fah-reh-wah]

• What time is it?Wannan lokaci yanzu ne?
  [wahn-nahn loh-kah-chee yan-zoo neh]
• It's one o'clockShida ne
  [shee-dah neh]
• Half past (10)Sama da
  [sah-mah dah]
• MorningSafe
  [sah-feh]
• AfternoonYamma
  [yahm-mah]
• EveningYamma
  [yahm-mah]
• YesterdayJibi
  [jee-bee]
• TodayYau
  [yah-oo]
• TomorrowGobe
  [goh-beh]
• 1Daya
  [dah-yah]
• 2Bi
  [bee]
• 3Uku
  [oo-koo]
• 4Huɗu
  [hoo-doo]
• 5Biɗa
  [bee-dah]
• 6Shida
  [shee-dah]
• 7Bakwai
  [bah-kwai]
• 8Takwas
  [tah-kwahs]
• 9Tara
  [tah-rah]
• 10Goma
  [goh-mah]

• Where's a/the...?Ina...
  [ee-nah]
• What's the address?Yaya lamba?
  [yah-yah lah-mbah]
• Can you show me (on the map)?Zaka nuna min?
  [zah-kah noo-nah meen]
• When's the next (bus)?Yaya ne mahaifiyar nan za zo?
  [yah-yah neh mah-hai-fee-yahr nahn zah zoh]
• A ticket (to ....)Katin kudin
  [kah-teen koo-deen]

Gao, one of the oldest trading centers in West Africa, was founded in the 7th century. Located along the Niger River, its strategic position allowed it to become a crucial hub for trade, connecting the Saharan trade routes with those of the Sudan region. Initially inhabited by the Songhai people, Gao quickly grew in prominence due to its advantageous location.

In the 15th century, Gao became the capital of the Songhai Empire under the rule of Sunni Ali Ber. His reign marked the beginning of the empire's expansion, transforming Gao into a flourishing center of commerce, education, and culture. The city prospered due to its control over trans-Saharan trade routes, dealing in gold, salt, and other valuable commodities.

Following Sunni Ali Ber, Askia Muhammad I, also known as Askia the Great, further elevated Gao's status during his rule from 1493 to 1528. He expanded the empire's territories and established a centralized administration. Askia Muhammad was a devout Muslim and promoted Islamic scholarship, turning Gao into a renowned center of learning, attracting scholars and students from across the Islamic world.

In 1591, the Moroccan army invaded the Songhai Empire, leading to the Battle of Tondibi. Despite their resistance, the Songhai forces were defeated, leading to the decline of Gao and the disintegration of the Songhai Empire. The Moroccan occupation marked the end of Gao's golden age and the beginning of a period of decline and instability.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Gao came under French colonial rule as part of French Sudan. The imposition of colonial administration brought significant changes to the social and economic structures of the region. Gao remained under French control until Mali gained independence in 1960. Post-independence, Gao continued to play a vital role in Mali's cultural and historical landscape.

Today, Gao is a vibrant city that reflects its rich historical heritage. Visitors can explore historical sites such as the Tomb of Askia, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and the remnants of ancient settlements. The city remains a testament to its storied past, offering a glimpse into the grandeur of the Songhai Empire and its enduring legacy in West African history.

Gao is located in eastern Mali, and the best way to get there is by flying into Bamako, the capital of Mali. From Bamako, you can take a domestic flight to Gao. Alternatively, you can travel by road, but do note that this can be a long and challenging journey due to the distance and road conditions. There are also bus services that connect Bamako to Gao, but these can be time-consuming and less comfortable.

Within Gao, transportation options include taxis and motorbikes (locally known as 'moto-taxis'). Taxis are a convenient way to get around the city, and you can negotiate the fare before starting your journey. Moto-taxis are a cheaper option but may not be as safe. There are also shared taxis and minibuses for longer distances to neighboring towns and villages.

The official currency in Mali is the West African CFA Franc (XOF). Credit cards are not widely accepted in Gao, so it is advisable to carry cash. ATMs are available but may not always be reliable, so it is wise to withdraw sufficient cash in Bamako before traveling to Gao. Carry small denominations for easier transactions.

Gao has areas with higher crime rates, particularly for crimes targeting tourists. It is advisable to avoid walking alone at night and to stay in well-lit and populated areas. Be cautious with your belongings and avoid displaying valuables openly. Areas such as the riverbanks and some outskirts of the city can be less safe, so it is best to avoid them, especially after dark.

In case of emergency, dial 17 for police assistance and 15 for medical emergencies. Gao has a local police station and a hospital for medical emergencies. It is highly recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and evacuation. For minor health issues, there are pharmacies where you can purchase over-the-counter medications.

Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Avoid wearing revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions. Show respect when visiting mosques and other religious places. Public Transport: Do be respectful and give up your seat to elderly passengers. Don't eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a handshake and say 'Bonjour' (Hello). A slight bow of the head is also a sign of respect. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don't refuse hospitality, as it is considered impolite.

To experience Gao like a local, visit the local markets, especially the grand marché (big market) where you can buy traditional goods, fresh produce, and local crafts. Engage with locals, as they are often friendly and willing to share stories about the city's history and culture. Don't miss visiting the Tomb of Askia, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and take a stroll along the Niger River for a relaxing experience. Try the local cuisine, including dishes like 'tô' and 'maafe'.