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Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge: A Sanctuary for Endangered Species

Discover Alabama's natural beauty at Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge, a sanctuary for endangered species and unique karst landscapes near Florence.

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Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge, established in 1997, is a 1,060-acre refuge southwest of Florence, Alabama. It protects endangered species like the Alabama cavefish and gray bats within a unique karst landscape. While Key Cave itself is closed to the public, the refuge offers trails for hiking, birdwatching, and a chance to connect with nature.

A brief summary to Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge

Local tips

  • Bring insect repellent, drinking water, and sunscreen, especially during warmer months.
  • Wear appropriate footwear for hiking on potentially uneven trails.
  • Visit during the summer months to view the gray bats from the viewing platforms.
  • Check the official website for any alerts or temporary closures before your visit.
  • Be prepared for a remote location with limited amenities.
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Getting There

  • Driving

    To reach Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge from Florence, Alabama, take US-43 S and AL-133 S. This scenic drive takes approximately 20 minutes. Once near the refuge, follow County Route 2 (Gunwaleford Road) west for about 4 miles, then turn south onto County Route 223 (a gravel road) for about 1.5 miles. Finally, turn west onto County Route 204 (another gravel road) and continue for 0.25 miles. The refuge entrance will be on the south side of the road. Parking is free at the designated parking area near the birding trail kiosk. Note that motorized vehicles are not allowed to enter the refuge.

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Discover more about Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge

Key Cave National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), established on January 3, 1997, stands as a testament to the importance of preserving unique and fragile ecosystems. Located approximately five miles southwest of Florence, Alabama, this 1,060-acre refuge is a sanctuary for several endangered species, most notably the Alabama cavefish (Speoplatyrhinus poulsoni) and the gray bat (Myotis grisescens). The refuge's creation was authorized under several acts, underscoring its significance in national conservation efforts. The landscape is characterized by a distinctive karst topography, featuring sinkholes, underground streams, and cave systems. These features are integral to the survival of the Alabama cavefish, found nowhere else on Earth. The cavefish's existence is closely linked to the ecology of the seasonally flooded waters beneath an active Gray Bat roost. Key Cave, along with Collier Cave, is a priority one maternity cave for the gray bat. These caves provide critical habitat for the bats, which are also federally endangered. In addition to the cavefish and gray bats, the refuge is home to two species of blind crayfish: Phantom cave crayfish (Cambarus pecki) and Cambarus jonesi. Prior to its establishment as a National Wildlife Refuge, the land was primarily used for agriculture. Concerns arose regarding chemical pollution from nearby farming operations affecting the underground water table. In 1992, the Monsanto Company sold the land in the highest hazard risk area to The Conservation Fund, which then sold the land to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, leading to the establishment of Key Cave NWR. While Key Cave itself is closed to the public to protect its sensitive ecosystem, the refuge offers other opportunities for visitors to connect with nature. The refuge has 2.5 miles (4.0 km) of trails for hiking and cycling. Nearby viewing platforms facilitate the viewing of the bats during the summer. Birdwatchers can spot various migratory and resident birds.

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