Skaros Rock: A Volcanic Fortress in Santorini

Skaros Rock, also known as Fortress Skaros or Castle Skaros, is a striking rock promontory extending into the Aegean Sea near Imerovigli, Santorini. This natural landmark was created by volcanic eruptions around 68,000 B.C. and further sculpted by erosion and earthquakes over millennia. Historically, Skaros served as a strategic defensive site. In the 13th century, the Byzantine Empire fortified it, with Venetian architect Giacomo Barozzi constructing a fortress. The settlement around the fortress, known as Kasteli, grew into a thriving community with over 200 houses, businesses, and churches, becoming the capital of Santorini until the 18th century. Legends say that Skaros was never conquered due to its strategic location. However, Skaros's vulnerability to seismic activity led to its decline. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes between 1650 and 1870 caused significant damage, prompting residents to relocate to Fira and Imerovigli. Today, only ruins remain, including traces of a drawbridge and two chapels, serving as a reminder of its former glory. Visitors can hike to Skaros Rock via a well-defined trail from Imerovigli, offering breathtaking views of the caldera and the Aegean Sea. The hike, rated easy to moderate, takes about 45 minutes to an hour roundtrip. The trail passes the Agios Georgios Church and leads to the Theoskepasti Chapel at the base of the rock. Adventurous hikers can scramble to the top of Skaros Rock, though caution is advised.