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The Rotunda: A Timeless Thessaloniki Landmark

Explore Thessaloniki's ancient Rotunda: a Roman monument transformed into a church and mosque, showcasing stunning mosaics and rich history.

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The Rotunda of Thessaloniki, also known as the Church of Agios Georgios, is a remarkably well-preserved ancient monument with a rich and varied history. Originally built in 306 AD by the Roman Emperor Galerius, it has served as a pagan temple, a Christian church, and an Ottoman mosque. Today, it stands as a museum and a testament to Thessaloniki's layered past, showcasing stunning mosaics and impressive Roman architecture.

A brief summary to Rotunda

  • Platia Agiou Georgiou Rotonta 5, Thessaloniki, 546 35, GR
  • +302310204868

Local tips

  • Visit early in the morning to avoid crowds and have a more intimate experience with the mosaics.
  • Check the opening hours in advance, as they can vary depending on the season and ongoing restoration work.
  • Take your time to admire the intricate details of the mosaics, which depict scenes from both pagan and Christian traditions.
  • Combine your visit with a trip to the nearby Arch of Galerius and the Roman Forum to explore more of Thessaloniki's Roman history.
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Getting There

  • Walking

    The Rotunda is located in the city center, in Platia Agiou Georgiou, a short walk from many major landmarks. From the Arch of Galerius (Kamara), head north along Dimitrios Gounari street; the Rotunda will be directly ahead in Agios Georgios Square. The walk is easy and takes only a few minutes. No costs involved.

  • Public Transport

    Several bus lines stop near the Rotunda. Check local bus schedules for the most up-to-date information. Look for bus stops near Agiou Georgiou Square. A single bus fare within the city typically costs €0.90 if purchased at a point of sale or €1.10 if purchased on the bus.

  • Taxi

    Taxis are readily available throughout Thessaloniki. A short taxi ride from the city center to the Rotunda should cost approximately €4-€6. Keep in mind that fares may be higher during nighttime hours (00:00 to 05:00).

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Discover more about Rotunda

The Rotunda is one of Thessaloniki's most iconic and historically significant monuments. Constructed around 306 AD during the reign of Roman Emperor Galerius, its original purpose remains debated, with theories suggesting it was intended as a temple to Zeus, a sanctuary for the Cabeiri gods, or even Galerius's own mausoleum. Regardless, its massive structure was designed as a symbol of imperial power. Architecturally, the Rotunda is a marvel. Its circular design features walls over 6 meters thick and a towering dome reaching nearly 30 meters in height. The building's design is comparable to that of the Pantheon in Rome. Over the centuries, the Rotunda has undergone several transformations, reflecting the city's changing cultural and religious landscape. In the late 4th century AD, it was converted into a Christian church, dedicated to Agios Georgios (Saint George). During this period, significant architectural changes were made, including the addition of a sanctuary, a perimetric aisle, and the opening of a western gate to serve as the main entrance. The interior was adorned with stunning mosaics, showcasing a variety of colors and depicting Christ, angels, martyrs, and early Christian saints. During the Ottoman occupation in 1591, the Rotunda was converted into a mosque, named the Mosque of Hortatz Effendi. A minaret was added, which is the only one remaining in the city. After Thessaloniki's liberation in 1912, the Rotunda was reclaimed as a Christian site before becoming a museum. Today, the Rotunda stands as a unique blend of church and archaeological monument, attracting tourists, hosting religious services, and serving as a venue for cultural events. The mosaics, which date back to the early Christian era, are particularly noteworthy, showcasing scenes from the lives of martyrs and intricate geometrical and floral motifs.

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