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Khandagiri and Udayagiri Caves: Ancient Jain Rock-Cut Shelters

Explore ancient rock-cut caves of Udayagiri and Khandagiri near Bhubaneswar, showcasing Jain art, architecture, and the legacy of King Kharavela.

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The Khandagiri and Udayagiri Caves, located near Bhubaneswar, Odisha, are ancient rock-cut cave complexes dating back to the 2nd century BCE. Carved into adjacent hills, these caves served as residential blocks for Jain monks during the reign of King Kharavela. The caves are adorned with intricate carvings and inscriptions, offering insights into Jain art, culture, and the history of the Kalinga kingdom.

A brief summary to Khandagiri and Udayagiri Hills

  • Bhubaneswar, Khandagiri, Odisha, IN

Local tips

  • Wear comfortable shoes as you'll be climbing and walking around the caves.
  • Carry water and snacks, especially during the hotter months.
  • Hire a local guide to learn about the history and significance of the caves.
  • Visit during the cooler months (November to February) for a pleasant experience.
  • Photography is allowed, but check if there are any restrictions on using video cameras.
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Getting There

  • Taxi

    From Bhubaneswar Airport or Railway Station, take a taxi or auto-rickshaw to Khandagiri and Udayagiri Caves, approximately 7-9 km away. The ride usually takes around 15-20 minutes. A taxi will cost approximately ₹130-₹200.

  • Public Transport

    Local buses are available from various parts of Bhubaneswar to Khandagiri. From the bus stop, it's a short walk or auto-rickshaw ride to the caves. Bus fares are typically between ₹10-₹20. Be prepared for a potentially crowded ride.

  • Walking

    If you are near Baramunda Bus Stand, you can take a leisurely walk to the caves, which is approximately 6-7 km. The walk will take you around 1.5 hours. This is a good option if you want to explore the local surroundings, but be mindful of the heat and traffic.

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Discover more about Khandagiri and Udayagiri Hills

The Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves, formerly known as Kattaka Gumpha or Cuttack caves, are a combination of natural and artificial caves with archaeological, historical, and religious significance. Situated 3 km south of Bhubaneswar, Odisha, the caves are on two adjacent hills, Udayagiri and Khandagiri, referred to as Kumari Parvata in the Hathigumpha inscription. These caves, with their detailed carvings, were constructed around the 1st century BCE. King Kharavela of the Mahameghavahana dynasty commissioned the caves in the 1st and 2nd centuries BC to serve as a place for Jain monks to rest and meditate. Originally, there were 117 caves, but only 33 remain today. Udayagiri, meaning 'Sunrise Hill,' contains 18 caves, while Khandagiri has 15. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) maintains the Udayagiri caves, but not those in Khandagiri. Udayagiri is known for its historically significant sculptures and reliefs in caves like Hathi Gumpha (cave 14) and Ganesha Gumpha (cave 10). Raninka Na'ara (Queen's Palace Cave, Cave 1) is also elaborately carved with sculptural friezes. Khandagiri offers a panoramic view of Bhubaneswar from its summit. The Ananta Cave (Cave 3) features carved figures of women, elephants, athletes, and geese carrying flowers. These caves are significant monuments of Jain architecture, reflecting the religious and monastic practices of Jain monks in ancient India. The Hathigumpha inscription provides valuable information about King Kharavela's reign and achievements. The caves reflect the diverse influences of Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism, showcasing a period of intellectual and artistic expression.

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