Bhubaneswar: The Temple City of India

Bhubaneswar, historically known as the 'City of Temples,' has roots tracing back to the Kalinga Empire around the 3rd century BCE. The region gained prominence under the rule of Emperor Ashoka, who after the infamous Kalinga War, embraced Buddhism. This significant event led to the spread of Buddhism not only in India but across Asia.

Bhubaneswar's spiritual landscape is diverse. In the early centuries CE, the city saw an influx of Jain and Hindu influences. The Udayagiri and Khandagiri Caves, with their intricate carvings and inscriptions, stand as a testament to the region's rich Jain heritage. Simultaneously, the construction of Hindu temples began, laying the groundwork for Bhubaneswar's reputation.

Between the 7th and 11th centuries CE, Bhubaneswar experienced a golden age of temple architecture. The city became a focal point of the Kalinga architectural style, characterized by intricately carved exteriors and towering spires. The Lingaraj Temple, Mukteshwar Temple, and Rajarani Temple are iconic examples from this period, each reflecting the zenith of Odishan temple design.

During the British colonial period, Bhubaneswar saw significant changes. Although the city retained its cultural heritage, it began to modernize. The British established administrative buildings and introduced new infrastructure. However, unlike many other Indian cities, Bhubaneswar maintained its traditional ethos and religious significance.

Post-1947, Bhubaneswar was chosen as the capital of the newly formed state of Odisha. The city underwent a planned development under the guidance of German architect Otto Königsberger. The modern city was designed to integrate its historical and cultural heritage with contemporary urban planning, resulting in a harmonious blend of the old and the new.

Today, Bhubaneswar stands as a vibrant cultural hub, seamlessly blending its ancient heritage with modern development. The city hosts numerous festivals, art exhibitions, and cultural events that celebrate its rich history. The Ekamra Kshetra, a heritage zone, and the annual Mukteshwar Dance Festival are significant cultural highlights, attracting visitors from around the world.

Bhubaneswar is well-connected by air, rail, and road. The Biju Patnaik International Airport (BBI) serves both domestic and international flights. Major cities in India such as Delhi, Mumbai, and Bangalore have direct flights to Bhubaneswar. The city is also a major railway hub, with the Bhubaneswar Railway Station connecting it to various parts of the country. National Highways 16 and 18 provide road connectivity, and various state-run and private bus services operate regular routes to and from Bhubaneswar.

Bhubaneswar offers a range of transportation options. Auto-rickshaws and cycle-rickshaws are common for short distances. For longer routes, city buses operated by the Bhubaneswar-Puri Transport Services (BPTS) are available. App-based cab services like Ola and Uber are also operational in the city. For those who prefer driving, car rental services are available. The city is well-planned, making it relatively easy to navigate.

The official currency in Bhubaneswar is the Indian Rupee (INR). Major credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops. ATMs are plentiful throughout the city for cash withdrawals. Digital wallets like Paytm, Google Pay, and PhonePe are also commonly used for transactions. It's advisable to carry some cash for smaller vendors and in areas where electronic payments may not be accepted.

Bhubaneswar is generally considered a safe city for tourists. However, standard precautions should be taken. Avoid isolated areas at night and be cautious with your belongings in crowded places. Areas like Old Town and parts of the railway station can be bustling, so stay alert. While the city does not have significant high-crime areas targeting tourists, it's always best to stay vigilant and aware of your surroundings.

In case of emergency, dial 100 for police assistance and 102 for medical emergencies. The city has several well-equipped hospitals like AIIMS Bhubaneswar and Kalinga Hospital. Pharmacies are widely available for minor health issues. It's recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. The local tourist police are also available to assist tourists in distress.

Fashion: Do dress conservatively, especially when visiting temples and religious sites. Avoid wearing revealing clothing. Religion: Do show respect for local customs and traditions. Remove your shoes before entering temples and cover your head if required. Public Transport: Do be respectful to fellow passengers. Avoid eating or drinking on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a namaste (joining your palms together) or a handshake. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don't refuse hospitality, as it is considered impolite.

To experience Bhubaneswar like a local, visit the Ekamra Haat, a crafts village showcasing traditional Odia handlooms and handicrafts. Engage with the locals, who are known for their hospitality and willingness to share stories about their culture. Don't miss the local street food, especially items like Dahibara Aloodum and Pakhala Bhata. For a unique experience, take a morning walk through the Lingaraj Temple area to witness the daily rituals and the vibrant local life.