Pre-Colonial Era
Before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, Siquijor was known to its native inhabitants as 'Katugasan,' a name derived from the 'tugas' trees (molave trees) that were abundant on the island. The island was a part of the expansive trade networks of the Visayas region and was influenced by Malay and Chinese traders.
Spanish Colonial Period
Siquijor was officially 'discovered' by Esteban Rodríguez of the Legazpi Expedition in 1565. The Spanish colonizers named the island 'Isla del Fuego' or 'Island of Fire' due to the eerie glow produced by swarms of fireflies that inhabited the molave trees. The Spanish influence led to the establishment of Catholicism, with the construction of historical churches such as the St. Francis of Assisi Church in the town of Siquijor and the San Isidro Labrador Church in Lazi.
American Era
Following the Spanish-American War in 1898, the Philippines was ceded to the United States. Siquijor, along with other islands, came under American rule. During this period, significant infrastructure developments took place, including the improvement of roads and public education systems. The island also became more accessible to the outside world.
World War II
During World War II, Siquijor was occupied by Japanese forces. The island's strategic location made it a target for military operations. Local guerrilla groups formed to resist the occupation, contributing to the broader Philippine resistance movement. The end of the war saw the island liberated by Allied and Filipino forces.
Post-War to Modern Era
After World War II, Siquijor transitioned into the Republic of the Philippines. The island remained relatively quiet and less developed compared to other regions. However, it began to gain attention for its natural beauty and unique culture. Today, Siquijor is known for its mystical traditions, including faith healing and herbal medicine, which attract both tourists and scholars.