Sandakan: The Gateway to Borneo's Wildlife and Heritage

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Sandakan, located in the Malaysian state of Sabah on the island of Borneo, has a rich history that dates back to the pre-colonial era. The area was originally inhabited by various indigenous groups such as the Orang Sungai, who engaged in trade with neighboring regions. Archaeological findings suggest that Sandakan was an active trading hub long before the arrival of Western colonizers.

The town of Sandakan was officially founded in 1879 by William Pryer, a British colonial administrator. Pryer established Sandakan as a key port and administrative center for the British North Borneo Company. The name 'Sandakan' is derived from the Suluk word 'sanda,' meaning 'to pawn' or 'to mortgage,' reflecting the town’s early economic activities.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Sandakan grew rapidly under British rule. The town became a major center for the timber and tobacco industries, attracting a diverse population of Chinese, European, and indigenous workers. By the early 1900s, Sandakan was one of the wealthiest towns in Southeast Asia, earning the nickname 'Little Hong Kong.'

Sandakan's prosperity came to a halt during World War II when the town was occupied by Japanese forces from 1942 to 1945. The occupation was marked by severe hardship and atrocities, including the infamous Sandakan Death Marches. Thousands of Allied prisoners of war were forced to march through the jungle, and only a handful survived. The town was largely destroyed by Allied bombings towards the end of the war.

After World War II, Sandakan underwent significant rebuilding efforts. The town was reconstructed with modern infrastructure and became part of the newly formed Federation of Malaysia in 1963. Post-independence, Sandakan continued to develop, focusing on agriculture, particularly palm oil and cocoa, as well as tourism.

Sandakan is a melting pot of cultures, with a population that includes Malays, Chinese, Filipinos, and various indigenous groups. This cultural diversity is reflected in the town’s festivals, cuisines, and traditions. Key cultural sites include the Agnes Keith House, a historical museum, and the Sandakan Heritage Trail, which highlights significant landmarks and buildings.

Today, Sandakan is known for its natural beauty and eco-tourism attractions. The town serves as a gateway to the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre and the Kinabatangan River, home to diverse wildlife. Sandakan's history and culture continue to attract tourists from around the world, making it a vibrant and dynamic destination.

Sandakan is located in Sabah, Malaysia, on the island of Borneo. The primary gateway to Sandakan is the Sandakan Airport (SDK), which has direct flights from Kota Kinabalu and Kuala Lumpur. From the airport, you can take a taxi or book a ride-sharing service to get into the city. Alternatively, you can travel by bus from Kota Kinabalu, which takes approximately 6-7 hours, offering a scenic route through the lush landscapes of Sabah.

Within Sandakan, taxis and ride-sharing services like Grab are widely available and convenient for getting around. Public buses operate on fixed routes and are an economical option, though they may not be as timely. For a more flexible option, consider renting a car or motorbike to explore the city and surrounding areas at your own pace. Walking is also a viable option for exploring the city center and nearby attractions.

The official currency in Sandakan is the Malaysian Ringgit (MYR). Credit cards are accepted in most hotels, restaurants, and larger stores, but it's advisable to carry some cash for smaller establishments and local markets. ATMs are widely available throughout the city, and currency exchange services can be found at the airport and major shopping centers.

Sandakan is generally a safe destination for tourists, but it's important to take standard precautions. Avoid walking alone at night in unfamiliar areas, and keep an eye on your belongings in crowded places. While Sandakan does not have specific high-crime areas targeting tourists, it is always best to stay vigilant and aware of your surroundings. The city center and popular tourist areas are generally safe.

In case of emergency, dial 999 for police, ambulance, or fire services. Sandakan has several hospitals and clinics that can handle medical emergencies, including the Duchess of Kent Hospital. It is recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. For minor health issues, pharmacies are readily available throughout the city where you can purchase over-the-counter medications.

Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting religious or cultural sites. Avoid wearing overly revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions. Always remove your shoes before entering homes or places of worship. Public Transport: Do wait your turn and be polite when using public transport. Don’t eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a smile and a slight nod. A handshake is also common. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don’t waste food, as it is considered impolite.

To experience Sandakan like a local, visit the central market where you can find fresh seafood and local produce. Engage with the locals, who are often friendly and willing to share stories about their culture and history. Don’t miss a visit to the Sepilok Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre and the Bornean Sun Bear Conservation Centre. For a unique experience, take a river cruise on the Kinabatangan River to observe wildlife in their natural habitat.