Founding and Early Settlement
Middlebury, located in Addison County, Vermont, was chartered on November 2, 1761, by New Hampshire Governor Benning Wentworth. The town was settled in 1766 by John Chipman, who is often considered the first European settler. Middlebury's early development was driven by agriculture, with settlers growing corn, wheat, and raising livestock.
The Marble Industry Boom
Middlebury played a significant role in the marble industry during the 19th century. The discovery of high-quality marble in the area led to the establishment of several marble quarries and mills. The Middlebury Marble Company, founded in 1802, became one of the town's major employers and contributed to the local economy. The marble from Middlebury was used in notable buildings, including the Vermont State House and the New York City Hall.
Middlebury College
Middlebury College, one of the oldest liberal arts colleges in the United States, was founded in 1800. The college has played a pivotal role in the town's history and culture. Originally established to provide a classical education to young men, the institution became coeducational in 1883. Middlebury College is renowned for its language programs and has a significant international presence through its Middlebury Language Schools and Schools Abroad.
The Great Fire of 1891
On a cold winter night in January 1891, a devastating fire swept through Middlebury's downtown area. The blaze destroyed many of the town's wooden structures, including businesses, homes, and public buildings. The town quickly rebuilt, this time using more fire-resistant materials such as brick and stone. The fire led to the modernization of Middlebury's infrastructure and the establishment of a more organized fire department.
The Addison County Fair and Field Days
Established in the late 19th century, the Addison County Fair and Field Days is Vermont's largest agricultural fair. This annual event, held in Middlebury, celebrates the region's agricultural heritage with livestock shows, horse pulls, tractor pulls, and various other competitions. The fair also features a midway with rides, games, and food vendors, making it a beloved tradition for locals and visitors alike.
The Underground Railroad
Middlebury was a key stop on the Underground Railroad during the years leading up to the Civil War. The town's Quaker and abolitionist communities provided safe houses and assistance to enslaved people seeking freedom in Canada. Notable figures such as Rowland T. Robinson were actively involved in these efforts, making Middlebury an important part of the broader network aiding in the escape of enslaved individuals.