Foundation and Early History
Szombathely, known as Savaria in antiquity, was founded by Emperor Claudius around AD 50. It quickly became an important Roman settlement, strategically located on the Amber Road, a major trade route. The city's early prosperity is evidenced by the remnants of Roman architecture, including public baths, temples, and an amphitheater.
Saint Quirinus of Sescia
One of the most significant historical events tied to Szombathely is the martyrdom of Saint Quirinus of Sescia. In AD 303, during the Diocletianic Persecution, Quirinus, the Bishop of Sescia (modern-day Sisak, Croatia), was captured and brought to Savaria. He was drowned in the Sibaris River, which later became known as the Perint River, and his martyrdom is commemorated in the city's religious traditions.
Medieval Prosperity and Decline
During the Middle Ages, Szombathely flourished as a market town, its name deriving from the Hungarian word 'szombat,' meaning Saturday, the traditional market day. However, the prosperity was not to last. The town suffered significant damage during the Mongol invasions in the 13th century and later during the Ottoman incursions in the 16th and 17th centuries.
Reformation and Counter-Reformation
The 16th century brought the Reformation to Szombathely, with Protestantism gaining a substantial following. However, the Counter-Reformation led by the Habsburgs saw the re-establishment of Catholicism as the dominant religion. This period also witnessed the construction of several Baroque-style churches and buildings, which still stand today.
18th and 19th Century Development
The 18th and 19th centuries were periods of significant development for Szombathely. The city became the seat of the newly established Diocese of Szombathely in 1777, and Bishop János Szily played a crucial role in the city's urban development. The construction of the Bishop's Palace, the Cathedral, and other public buildings transformed Szombathely into a regional center of culture and administration.
World War II and Aftermath
Szombathely was heavily affected during World War II, suffering extensive damage from Allied bombings in 1945. Post-war reconstruction was slow, and the city underwent significant changes during the Communist era, with industrialization and urban sprawl reshaping its character. Despite these challenges, Szombathely preserved much of its historical heritage.
Modern Szombathely
Today, Szombathely is a vibrant city that harmoniously blends its rich historical past with modern amenities. It is renowned for its cultural festivals, such as the Savaria Historical Carnival, which celebrates the city's Roman heritage with elaborate parades, reenactments, and performances. The city's museums, like the Savaria Museum and the Iseum Savariense, offer deep dives into its storied history, making Szombathely a fascinating destination for history enthusiasts and casual visitors alike.