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Baptistery of Parma: A Masterpiece of Medieval Art

Discover the Baptistery of Parma, a stunning blend of Romanesque and Gothic architecture, adorned with intricate sculptures and frescoes.

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The Baptistery of Parma, an octagonal building clad in pink Verona marble, stands as a remarkable example of the transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture. Located on the south side of Piazza Duomo, this sacred space features intricate carvings and stunning frescoes, offering visitors a glimpse into the artistic and spiritual life of medieval Parma.

A brief summary to Baptistery of Parma

  • Monday 10 am-6 pm
  • Tuesday 10 am-6 pm
  • Wednesday 10 am-6 pm
  • Thursday 10 am-6 pm
  • Friday 10 am-6 pm
  • Saturday 10 am-6 pm
  • Sunday 10 am-6 pm

Local tips

  • Visit during the Easter period or on the Feast of St. John the Baptist (June 24) to witness unique light effects within the Baptistery.
  • Purchase tickets at the Diocesan Museum, located in front of the Baptistery, to access both attractions.
  • Take your time to observe the zoophorus around the base of the Baptistery, featuring detailed bas-relief sculptures of real and mythical creatures.
  • Check the opening hours before your visit, as they are subject to change and visits may be suspended during religious services.
  • Residents of Parma can enjoy discounted admission on Thursdays.
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Getting There

  • Walking

    From Piazza Garibaldi, Parma's central square, walk east along Strada Giuseppe Mazzini. Continue onto Strada al Duomo, and you'll find the Baptistery on the south side of Piazza Duomo, next to the Parma Cathedral. The walk is approximately 5-10 minutes.

  • Public Transport

    Several bus lines stop near Piazza Duomo. From Parma Railway Station, take bus line 15 from Via Verdi to the Teatro Regio stop, then walk for about 3 minutes to reach the Baptistery. A single ticket costs €1.70 and is valid for 80 minutes.

  • Taxi

    Taxis are readily available in Parma, especially near the train station and Piazza Garibaldi. A taxi ride from the Parma Railway Station to Piazza Duomo typically costs between €10 and €15, depending on traffic. You can also call a taxi at +39 0521 252562.

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Discover more about Baptistery of Parma

The Baptistery of Parma, or Battistero di Parma, is an iconic religious edifice that showcases the shift from Romanesque to early Gothic styles. Commissioned by the city council of Parma and designed by Benedetto Antelami, construction began in 1196 and continued through the 13th century. Citizens showed their dedication to the project by placing stones in the foundation to honor their families. The exterior is defined by its octagonal shape, symbolizing rebirth and eternity, and constructed with pink Verona marble. The structure features four tiers of open loggias, blind arches, and crowning pinnacles. The lower part of the building is encircled by a zoophorus, a band of bas-relief sculptures depicting animals, mythical beasts, and zodiac signs. Three portals adorn the Baptistery: the Portal of the Virgin to the north, the Portal of Judgment to the west, and the Portal of Life to the south, each with unique carvings and symbolic meaning. The interior is equally impressive, with a soaring domed ceiling divided into sections adorned with 13th and 14th-century frescoes. These frescoes, Byzantine in style, depict biblical characters and angels. The large, octagonal baptismal basin in the center was designed for baptism by immersion. Niches along the lower walls contain statues of apostles and saints, while upper galleries display scenes from the life of Christ and the Virgin Mary. The play of light and shadow within the Baptistery enhances its spiritual atmosphere, creating a sense of awe and reverence.

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