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Temple of Jupiter: A Colossal Roman Sanctuary

Explore the Temple of Jupiter in Baalbek, a colossal Roman marvel and UNESCO World Heritage Site, revealing Lebanon's rich history and architectural grandeur.

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The Temple of Jupiter in Baalbek, Lebanon, is a colossal Roman temple, once the largest in the Roman Empire. Construction began around the 1st century BCE and continued into the 3rd century CE. Today, only a few massive columns remain, hinting at its past grandeur.

A brief summary to Temple of Jupiter

  • 2643+MGG, Baalbek, LB

Local tips

  • Visit during the spring (April-May) or fall (September-October) for pleasant weather and fewer crowds.
  • Wear comfortable shoes, as you'll be doing a lot of walking on uneven surfaces.
  • Hire a local guide to gain a deeper understanding of the site's history and significance.
  • Combine your visit with other nearby attractions like the Temple of Bacchus, Anjar, and Chateau Ksara.
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Getting There

  • Walking

    From the Baalbek city center, the Temple of Jupiter is a short walk. Head east towards the main archaeological site. The temple is within the complex, a short distance from the entrance. Follow the signs within the complex to reach the Temple of Jupiter.

  • Public Transport

    If arriving by bus from Beirut, the bus may drop you off at a roundabout 5km away from the city center. From there, take a taxi to the Baalbek ruins; a short ride costing approximately 6 USD.

  • Taxi

    Taxis are readily available in Baalbek. A short taxi ride from anywhere in the city center to the Temple of Jupiter should cost around 50,000-80,000 LBP, depending on the current exchange rate.

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Discover more about Temple of Jupiter

The Temple of Jupiter stands as a testament to Roman architectural prowess within the Baalbek temple complex. Known in ancient times as Heliopolis, the 'City of the Sun,' Baalbek rose to prominence during the Hellenistic era. The temple's construction commenced around 16 BC, following Baalbek's establishment as a Roman colony, and was largely completed by 60 AD. Subsequent emperors, including Trajan, Antoninus Pius, Septimius Severus, and Philip the Arab, contributed to its expansion and embellishment. Dedicated to Jupiter Optimus Maximus Heliopolitanus, the temple replaced an earlier sanctuary, possibly utilizing the same foundation. It functioned as an oracle, with one recorded prophecy foretelling Emperor Trajan's failure to return from his Parthian campaign. The temple's columns, reaching nearly 20 meters in height and 2.5 meters in diameter, were the largest in the classical world. The sheer size of the stones used in its construction is staggering. Over time, the Temple of Jupiter faced destruction through earthquakes, pillaging, and the demolition of stones. In 379 AD, Emperor Theodosius demolished the temple, using its stones to construct a Christian basilica. Despite these events, six massive columns still stand, offering a glimpse into the temple's former splendor.

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