Gyeongju: The Ancient Heart of Korea

• Hello안녕하세요
  [annyeonghaseyo]
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  [annyeonghi gaseyo]
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  [ihaehaji moshaesseoyo]

• I'd like to see the menu, please메뉴를 보여주세요
  [menyureul boyeojuseyo]
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  [gogireul meokji anayo]
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  [sago sipeoyo...]
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• It's one o'clock한 시에요
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• 10열
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  [daeum (beoseuneun) eonjeyo?]
• A ticket (to ....)표 (....으로)
  [pyo (....euro)]

Gyeongju, originally known as Seorabeol, was the capital of the Silla Kingdom, which was founded in 57 BCE. The kingdom lasted nearly a millennium and played a crucial role in unifying the Korean Peninsula.

In 668 CE, under the leadership of King Munmu and General Kim Yu-shin, the Silla Kingdom unified the Three Kingdoms of Korea—Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla itself. This unification led to a period of prosperity and cultural flourishing in Gyeongju.

Built in 774 CE during the Silla period, Bulguksa Temple is a UNESCO World Heritage site. The temple complex is renowned for its architectural splendor and spiritual significance, featuring iconic structures like Dabotap and Seokgatap pagodas.

Constructed in the 8th century, Seokguram Grotto is an artificial cave temple and another UNESCO World Heritage site. It houses a stunning statue of the Seated Buddha, considered one of the finest examples of Buddhist art in the world.

After the fall of the Silla Kingdom in 935 CE, Gyeongju remained a significant city during the Goryeo Dynasty. Although it was no longer the capital, it continued to be an important cultural and religious center.

Dating back to the 7th century, Cheomseongdae is the oldest existing astronomical observatory in East Asia. This stone structure was used for observing the stars to aid in agricultural planning and astrological rituals.

The Daereungwon Tomb Complex, often referred to as Tumuli Park, contains large burial mounds of Silla royalty and nobility. Excavations have revealed a wealth of artifacts, providing valuable insights into the life and culture of ancient Gyeongju.

During the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1897), Gyeongju continued to thrive as a provincial city. Despite losing its political significance, it maintained its cultural and historical importance, preserving many of its ancient sites and traditions.

In contemporary times, Gyeongju has transformed into a vibrant city that balances its rich historical heritage with modern development. It remains a key tourist destination, attracting visitors from around the world to its numerous historical and cultural landmarks.

Gyeongju is located in the southeastern part of South Korea. The nearest international airport is Gimhae International Airport in Busan, approximately 80 kilometers away. From Busan, you can take a KTX (Korea Train Express) high-speed train to Singyeongju Station, which takes about 30 minutes. Alternatively, you can take an intercity bus from major cities like Seoul, Busan, or Daegu directly to Gyeongju. The journey from Seoul to Gyeongju by bus or KTX takes around 2.5 to 3 hours.

Gyeongju has a well-developed public transportation system including buses and taxis. The city is relatively small, and many attractions are within walking distance of each other. For longer distances, local buses are a convenient option, and taxis are readily available. Renting a bicycle is also a popular way to explore the city, especially around the historical sites. Car rentals are available, but parking can be challenging in busy areas.

The official currency in South Korea is the South Korean Won (KRW). Credit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops in Gyeongju. However, it is advisable to carry some cash for smaller establishments, street vendors, and transportation. ATMs are plentiful, and most accept international cards, but be aware that some may charge a withdrawal fee.

Gyeongju is generally a safe city for tourists. Violent crime is rare, but petty crimes such as pickpocketing can occur, especially in crowded areas. Always stay vigilant and keep an eye on your belongings. Avoid poorly lit areas at night. There are no specific high-crime areas targeting tourists, but it is always best to stay cautious and aware of your surroundings.

In case of emergency, dial 112 for police assistance or 119 for fire and medical emergencies. English-speaking operators may be available. Gyeongju has several hospitals and clinics that provide medical services. It is highly recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. Pharmacies are available for minor health issues and over-the-counter medications.

Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Avoid overly revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions. Always remove your shoes when entering temples and cover your head if required. Public Transport: Do be respectful and give up your seat to elderly passengers, pregnant women, and people with disabilities. Don't eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a slight bow or a handshake. Using two hands to give and receive items is considered polite. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don’t stick chopsticks upright in a bowl of rice, as it resembles a funeral ritual.

To experience Gyeongju like a local, visit the local markets such as Gyeongju Jungang Market where you can buy fresh produce and traditional Korean goods. Engage with locals, as they are friendly and often willing to share stories about the city’s history and culture. Don’t miss visiting the UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Bulguksa Temple and Seokguram Grotto. For a unique experience, take a bike ride around Bomun Lake or visit Donggung Palace and Wolji Pond at night when it is beautifully illuminated.