Seoul: The Heartbeat of South Korea

• Hello안녕하세요
  [annyeonghaseyo]
• Goodbye안녕히 가세요
  [annyeonghi gaseyo]
• Yes네
  [ne]
• No아니요
  [aniyo]
• Please/You're welcome부탁합니다/천만에요
  [butakhamnida/cheonmaneyo]
• Thank you감사합니다
  [gamsahamnida]
• Excuse me/Sorry죄송합니다
  [joesonghamnida]
• How are you?어떻게 지내세요?
  [eotteoke jinaeseyo?]
• Fine. And you?잘 지내고요. 당신은요?
  [jal jinaegoyo. dangsineunyo?]
• Do you speak English?영어 할 줄 아세요?
  [yeongeo hal jul aseyo?]
• I don't understand이해하지 못해요
  [ihaehaji mothaeyo]

• I'd like to see the menu, please메뉴를 보여주세요
  [menyureul boyeojuseyo]
• I don't eat meat고기를 먹지 않아요
  [gogireul meokji anayo]
• Cheers!건배!
  [geonbae!]
• I would like to pay, please계산해주세요
  [gyesanhajuseyo]

• Help!도와주세요!
  [dowajuseyo!]
• Go away!가라!
  [gara!]
• Call the Police!경찰을 불러주세요!
  [gyeongchareul bulleojuseyo!]
• Call a doctor!의사를 불러주세요!
  [uisareul bulleojuseyo!]
• I'm lost길을 잃었어요
  [gireul ilheosseoyo]
• I'm ill아파요
  [apayo]

• I'd like to buy......을(를) 사고 싶어요
  [...eul(reul) sago sipeoyo]
• I'm just looking구경만 하고 있어요
  [gugyeongman hago isseoyo]
• How much is it?얼마에요?
  [eolmaeyo?]
• That's too expensive너무 비싸요
  [neomu bissayo]
• Can you lower the price?가격을 내려주세요
  [gageogeul naeryeojuseyo]

• What time is it?지금 몇 시에요?
  [jigeum myeot sieyo?]
• It's one o'clock한 시에요
  [han sieyo]
• Half past (10)열 시 반
  [yeol si ban]
• Morning아침
  [achim]
• Afternoon오후
  [ohu]
• Evening저녁
  [jeonyeok]
• Yesterday어제
  [eoje]
• Today오늘
  [oneul]
• Tomorrow내일
  [naeil]
• 1일
  [il]
• 2이
  [i]
• 3삼
  [sam]
• 4사
  [sa]
• 5오
  [o]
• 6육
  [yuk]
• 7칠
  [chil]
• 8팔
  [pal]
• 9구
  [gu]
• 10십
  [ship]

• Where's a/the...?...이/가 어디에 있어요?
  [...i/ga eodie isseoyo?]
• What's the address?주소가 뭐에요?
  [jusoga mwoeyo?]
• Can you show me (on the map)?지도로 보여주세요
  [jidoro boyeojuseyo]
• When's the next (bus)?다음 버스는 언제에요?
  [daeum beoseuneun eonjeeyo?]
• A ticket (to ....)표 한 장 주세요 (....으로)
  [pyo han jang juseyo (....euro)]

Seoul's history dates back over 2,000 years to the early Baekje Kingdom, which established the city of Hanseong (modern-day Seoul) in 18 BCE. Hanseong Baekje was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea and served as an important cultural and political center. Archaeological sites such as the Mongchon Toseong earthen fortification and Pungnap Toseong earthen wall are remnants of this ancient era.

In 1394, King Taejo of the Joseon Dynasty moved the capital to Hanyang, which is present-day Seoul. This marked the beginning of Seoul as a central hub for Korean culture, politics, and economics. The construction of Gyeongbokgung Palace, the main royal palace, began shortly after and became a symbol of the dynasty's power and heritage. The city's layout was meticulously planned, with fortresses, gates, and walls that still stand today, such as Namdaemun (Sungnyemun) and Dongdaemun (Heunginjimun).

From 1910 to 1945, Seoul was under Japanese colonial rule, a period marked by significant changes and hardships for the Korean people. The city was renamed Keijo and underwent extensive urban development, including the construction of modern infrastructure such as roads, railways, and buildings that influenced its architectural landscape. Despite the oppression, Korean resistance movements and cultural preservation efforts continued to thrive, laying the groundwork for future independence.

After World War II ended in 1945, Korea gained independence from Japanese rule, and Seoul became the capital of South Korea. However, the Korean War (1950-1953) brought devastation to the city, with many historical sites and buildings destroyed. The war left a profound impact on the city's development, leading to rapid reconstruction and modernization efforts in the post-war era. Seoul's transformation into a thriving metropolis began during this time.

Seoul's modern era is characterized by rapid economic growth and technological innovation, often referred to as the 'Miracle on the Han River.' Starting in the 1960s, the city underwent tremendous urban expansion and modernization, becoming a global economic powerhouse. Landmark projects such as the construction of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway, the development of Gangnam District, and the hosting of the 1988 Summer Olympics showcased Seoul's emergence as a vibrant, dynamic city on the world stage.

In recent years, Seoul has embraced a cultural renaissance, balancing preservation of its rich heritage with innovative advancements. The restoration of historical sites like Gyeongbokgung Palace and the creation of cultural spaces such as the Dongdaemun Design Plaza highlight the city's commitment to honoring its past while fostering contemporary creativity. Seoul's thriving arts scene, culinary innovations, and K-pop phenomenon further cement its status as a cultural epicenter.

Seoul, South Korea's capital, is well-connected globally. The primary gateway is Incheon International Airport (ICN), located about 60 kilometers west of the city. Gimpo International Airport (GMP) serves domestic flights and some regional international flights. From Incheon Airport, you can reach Seoul by Airport Railroad Express (AREX), airport limousine buses, or taxis. The AREX offers both an express service directly to Seoul Station and an all-stop service that connects to various subway lines.

Seoul boasts an extensive and efficient public transportation network, including subways, buses, and taxis. The Seoul Metropolitan Subway is one of the most efficient ways to navigate the city, with signs and announcements in both Korean and English. The T-money card can be used for subway, bus rides, and even taxis. Buses are color-coded for convenience: blue for long-distance routes, green for short-distance, yellow for circular routes, and red for express buses. Taxis are plentiful and relatively affordable; however, it can be beneficial to have your destination written in Korean.

The official currency of South Korea is the South Korean Won (KRW). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in Seoul, including in most hotels, restaurants, and shops. However, it’s advisable to carry some cash for smaller establishments, street vendors, and markets. ATMs are abundant and often offer services in multiple languages. Currency exchange services are available at the airport, banks, and dedicated currency exchange booths throughout the city.

Seoul is generally a very safe city with low crime rates. However, like any major city, it's wise to exercise standard precautions. Areas such as Itaewon and Hongdae, known for their nightlife, can be more prone to petty crimes like pickpocketing, especially during late hours. Always keep an eye on your belongings and avoid walking alone in secluded areas at night. The city is well-monitored with CCTV, and police presence is strong.

In case of an emergency, dial 112 for police assistance and 119 for fire or medical emergencies. Many operators can speak English. Seoul has numerous hospitals and clinics, some with international clinics providing services in various languages. Pharmacies are widespread and often operate late into the night. It is highly recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies.

Fashion: Do dress modestly. While Seoul is quite fashion-forward, overly revealing clothing might attract unwanted attention. Religion: Do respect religious sites, such as temples and churches. Remove your shoes when entering and dress conservatively. Public Transport: Do give up your seat to elderly passengers and don’t talk loudly on your phone. Eating & Drinking: Do use chopsticks properly and try local dishes. Don't leave a tip, as it is not customary in South Korea. Greetings: Do bow slightly when greeting someone, along with a handshake. Don't address someone by their first name unless invited to do so.

To experience Seoul like a local, explore traditional markets such as Gwangjang Market for street food and Namdaemun Market for shopping. Take a stroll along the Cheonggyecheon Stream or enjoy a hike in Bukhansan National Park. Engage with locals in cafes or parks; they are often friendly and curious about foreign visitors. Don’t miss visiting a jjimjilbang (Korean spa) for a unique cultural experience.