Bass Rock: Scotland’s Volcanic Seabird Sanctuary and Historic Island
A dramatic volcanic island sanctuary off Scotland’s coast, home to the world’s largest northern gannet colony and rich historic ruins.
Bass Rock is a steep volcanic island rising 107 meters above the Firth of Forth, Scotland, renowned as the world’s largest northern gannet colony. Located about 3 miles northeast of North Berwick, it features dramatic cliffs, ruins of a medieval castle, a historic lighthouse, and rich wildlife. The island’s unique geology and layered history—from early Christian hermits to a notorious prison—make it a fascinating natural and cultural landmark.
A brief summary to Bass Rock
- GB
- Duration: 1 to 3 hours
- Mid ranged
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Outdoor
- Mobile reception: 4 out of 5
Local tips
- Book boat trips from North Berwick’s Scottish Seabird Centre for the best wildlife viewing and live commentary.
- Bring waterproof clothing and binoculars to enhance your experience of the seabird spectacle.
- Visit in spring or summer (March to October) for peak gannet breeding activity and birdwatching.
- Use the Scottish Seabird Centre’s live cameras online if you cannot make the boat trip.
For the on-the-go comforts that matter to you
- Restrooms
- Drink Options
- Food Options
- Seating Areas
- Information Boards
- Visitor Center
Getting There
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Boat
Regular boat tours depart from the Scottish Seabird Centre in North Berwick, taking approximately 30 to 45 minutes each way. These trips operate seasonally from March to October, cost around £20–£30 per person, and offer close views of the rock and its wildlife. Landing on the island is restricted to protect the birds.
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Train and Walk
Travel by train to North Berwick from Edinburgh, a journey of about 30 to 40 minutes. From the station, the Scottish Seabird Centre is a 15-minute walk, where you can book boat trips or view live feeds. The terrain is flat and accessible.
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Car and Boat
Drive to North Berwick, with parking available near the Scottish Seabird Centre. From there, take a boat tour to Bass Rock. Parking fees vary but typically range from £3 to £10. Boat trips run regularly during the warmer months.
Bass Rock location weather suitability
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Any Weather
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Rain / Wet Weather
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Clear Skies
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Windy Conditions
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Mild Temperatures
Discover more about Bass Rock
Geological Majesty and Natural Habitat
Bass Rock is a striking volcanic plug formed approximately 340 million years ago, standing 107 meters (351 feet) tall and encircled by sheer cliffs. Its phonolitic trachyte rock rises sharply from the Firth of Forth, creating a dramatic silhouette visible from East Lothian and beyond. The island’s geology is closely related to nearby volcanic formations such as North Berwick Law and Edinburgh’s Arthur’s Seat. This rugged terrain provides an ideal sanctuary for seabirds, most notably hosting the world’s largest colony of northern gannets, with over 150,000 birds nesting here. The island’s white appearance from afar is due to the dense gannet population and their guano covering the rock’s surface.Historical Layers: Hermits, Castles, and Prison
Bass Rock has a rich human history dating back to the 7th century when it was home to St Baldred, a Christian hermit who lived in a cell on the island. The ruins of a medieval chapel dedicated to him still remain. Later, the island became a strategic fortress owned by the Lauder family from the 14th century, with a castle built to defend the area. During the 17th century, the castle was repurposed as a prison for Covenanters and political prisoners, with harsh conditions that led to many deaths. The fortress was dismantled in the early 18th century, but the island remained in private ownership, notably by the Dalrymple family since 1706.Lighthouse and Modern Conservation
In 1902, the Bass Rock Lighthouse was constructed on the island’s southern tip to aid navigation through the Firth of Forth. Designed by David Stevenson, the lighthouse was automated in 1988 and remains a vital beacon. Today, Bass Rock is a protected Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI), with conservation efforts focused on preserving its unique seabird populations. The Scottish Seabird Centre in North Berwick provides live video feeds from solar-powered cameras on the rock, allowing remote observation of the gannets and other seabirds such as shags, guillemots, razorbills, and puffins.Wildlife Spectacle and Visitor Experience
The island’s avian inhabitants create a spectacular wildlife display, especially during the breeding season from late February to October. Visitors on boat tours from North Berwick can witness thousands of gannets soaring in synchronized flight, diving at high speeds into the sea to catch fish. The lower ledges are home to other seabirds, and seals often rest on the rocky shores below. While landing on the island is restricted to protect wildlife, the surrounding boat trips offer close-up views and photographic opportunities of this vibrant ecosystem.Cultural Significance and Local Lore
Bass Rock’s inaccessibility and formidable presence have inspired local sayings and stories, symbolizing something unreachable or impregnable. The island features in Scottish literature and history, including tales of imprisoned Covenanters and Jacobite officers who once held the fortress. Its enduring presence off the East Lothian coast links natural wonder with centuries of human drama, making it a compelling destination for those interested in geology, wildlife, and Scottish heritage.Surrounding Landscape and Related Islands
Bass Rock is part of a cluster of volcanic islands in the Firth of Forth, including Craigleith, Fidra, and the Lamb. These islands share similar geological origins and contribute to the rich biodiversity of the region. The area offers scenic views of the coastline, nearby Tantallon Castle, and the broader East Lothian landscape, enhancing the experience of visitors exploring Scotland’s eastern shores.Iconic landmarks you can’t miss
St Martin's Kirk
15.7 km
Explore the evocative 12th-century Romanesque ruins of St Martin's Kirk, a cornerstone of Haddington's medieval spiritual heritage and Reformation history.
Cove Harbour
24.0 km
Experience the serene beauty of Cove Harbour, where rugged cliffs meet tranquil waters along Scotland's stunning coastline.
Preston Tower
24.9 km
Discover Preston Tower, a resilient 15th-century Scottish stronghold set within tranquil gardens, rich with history and medieval charm.
East Peaston
27.2 km
A tranquil historic hamlet in East Lothian offering scenic countryside charm and a glimpse into Scotland’s agricultural heritage.
Byrecleugh Burn
28.4 km
Experience the serene beauty of Byrecleugh Burn, a tranquil river in the Scottish Borders perfect for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts alike.
Cousland Smiddy Trust
29.2 km
Explore Scotland's blacksmithing heritage at Cousland Smiddy Trust, a local history museum showcasing traditional craftsmanship and live demonstrations.
St Andrews Town Hall
30.6 km
Discover the historic St Andrews Town Hall, a captivating blend of architecture and community spirit set in the picturesque Queen's Gardens.
Statue of Hamish McHamish
30.7 km
Discover the heart of St Andrews at the Statue of Hamish McHamish, a charming tribute to the town's beloved canine and a symbol of local culture.
Holy Trinity Church
30.7 km
Explore the breathtaking beauty and rich history of Holy Trinity Church in St Andrews, a peaceful haven for visitors and locals alike.
Newhailes Estate
31.2 km
Explore Newhailes Estate, a historical landmark in Musselburgh, Scotland, offering stunning architecture, picturesque gardens, and a rich cultural experience.
Martyrs' Monument
31.2 km
A towering tribute to St Andrews’ Protestant martyrs, standing proudly as a beacon of faith, sacrifice, and Scottish Reformation history.
Caithness Place
31.2 km
Experience the vibrant connectivity of Caithness Place, your gateway to the best of Kirkcaldy's attractions and scenic spots.
Swilcan Bridge
31.3 km
A centuries-old stone arch bridging golf’s past and present on the legendary Old Course at St Andrews.
Ravenscraig Castle
31.5 km
Explore the majestic Ravenscraig Castle in Kirkcaldy, a stunning historical site blending rich heritage with breathtaking coastal views.
Monkton House
31.7 km
Experience historic Scottish charm and elegant celebrations at Monkton House, a unique 15th-century castle wedding venue near Edinburgh.
Unmissable attractions to see
Tantallon Castle
2.4 km
Explore the rugged ruins of Tantallon Castle, a majestic medieval fortress with stunning coastal views and a dramatic history by the sea.
Seacliff
2.8 km
Seacliff Beach offers a tranquil escape with stunning views of Bass Rock and Tantallon Castle, perfect for nature lovers and peaceful coastal walks.
Haugh Road Beach
3.9 km
A tranquil, crystal-clear waters beach with stunning Firth of Forth views, perfect for peaceful swims and coastal walks near North Berwick.
Scottish Seabird Centre
5.1 km
Explore Scotland’s marine wildlife through interactive exhibits, live cameras, and scenic boat trips at the award-winning Scottish Seabird Centre.
North Berwick Harbour Trust
5.1 km
Preserving North Berwick Harbour’s heritage and community spirit through dedicated stewardship and vibrant local initiatives.
North Berwick Harbour
5.1 km
Historic 12th-century harbour blending maritime heritage, vibrant wildlife, and scenic coastal charm on Scotland’s East Lothian coast.
Lodge Grounds
5.1 km
A beautifully maintained garden oasis in North Berwick, blending historic charm with vibrant wildlife and peaceful green spaces.
North Berwick
5.3 km
Charming seaside town in East Lothian with stunning beaches, iconic wildlife, historic harbour, and vibrant cultural life just 30 minutes from Edinburgh.
North Berwick Law
5.6 km
Discover the breathtaking views and natural beauty of North Berwick Law, a must-visit peak in East Lothian for nature lovers and adventurers.
Westgate - Coastal Gallery, Gifts & Cafe
5.7 km
Discover local art, unique gifts, and cozy café delights at Westgate Coastal Gallery in the heart of North Berwick’s charming coastal town.
North Berwick Golf Club
5.8 km
Historic Scottish links golf with iconic coastal views and the legendary ‘Redan’ hole, welcoming visitors as members for the day.
Waughton Castle
7.3 km
Discover the evocative ruins of Waughton Castle, a 14th-century stronghold steeped in Scottish history amidst tranquil East Lothian farmland.
Yellowcraig Beach
8.8 km
A scenic family-friendly beach near North Berwick with woodland trails, a pirate playpark, and views of historic Fidra Island lighthouse.
Dirleton Castle & Gardens
9.2 km
Medieval fortress with the world's longest herbaceous border and four centuries of Scottish history.
Preston Mill
9.5 km
Step back in time at Preston Mill, East Lothian’s picturesque historic watermill with riverside wildlife and Outlander connections.
Essential places to dine
The Rocketeer Restaurant
5.1 km
Fresh seafood and stunning coastal views combine at The Rocketeer, North Berwick’s beloved seaside restaurant.
The Lobster Shack
5.1 km
Rustic seafood shack on North Berwick Harbour serving fresh lobster, crab, and fish with stunning sea views in a casual, seasonal setting.
Zitto Italian Winebar & Trattoria
5.1 km
Authentic Italian tapas, wood-fired pizzas, and a curated wine selection in the heart of North Berwick’s vibrant dining scene.
Cucina Amore
5.2 km
Experience authentic Italian warmth and fresh coastal flavours in the heart of North Berwick at Cucina Amore.
The Grange Restaurant & Steakhouse
5.3 km
A beloved steakhouse on North Berwick’s High Street, serving quality British cuisine in a warm, relaxed atmosphere with attentive service.
The Puffin
5.4 km
Cozy bistro and wine bar in North Berwick blending Scottish seafood and French flavors in a charming coastal setting.
The Castle Inn
9.4 km
Charming historic inn in Dirleton offering cozy rooms, excellent homecooked Scottish fare, and warm hospitality near Dirleton Castle.
The Crown & Kitchen
10.2 km
Historic 18th-century gastropub in East Linton serving seasonal Scottish dishes with boutique rooms and a charming garden bar.
Linton Hotel & Steak House
10.3 km
Charming 4-star village inn with a traditional steakhouse, cosy bar, and locally sourced Scottish cuisine in the heart of East Linton.
The Black Agnes Gastropub
11.2 km
A welcoming Scottish gastropub in Dunbar serving hearty, fresh seafood and classic pub dishes with a modern, friendly atmosphere.
Dunmuir Hotel 1902 Bar & Restaurant - Dunbar
12.1 km
Charming Dunbar hotel blending modern comfort, warm hospitality, and excellent dining in a peaceful seaside setting.
The Bonnie Badger - Pub, Restaurant with Rooms
12.7 km
A stylish coastal retreat blending historic charm, Scottish design, and Michelin-quality dining in the heart of Gullane.
La Potiniere
12.7 km
An intimate French fine dining gem in Gullane, blending Scottish ingredients with elegant culinary artistry.
The Old Clubhouse
12.7 km
A cozy golf-side pub in Gullane offering classic Scottish fare with stunning course views and a welcoming local atmosphere.
The Main Course
13.0 km
Savor authentic Italian flavors in a warm, family-run restaurant steps from Gullane Golf Club’s iconic course.
Markets, malls and hidden boutiques
Time & Tide
5.3 km
Discover sophisticated homewares and unique gifts in a charming coastal boutique at Time & Tide, North Berwick’s stylish destination for interior inspiration.
Great Escape
5.3 km
Your go-to outdoor clothing and equipment shop in North Berwick, offering expert advice and quality gear for every adventure.
Rock & Bird
5.3 km
Discover unique art supplies, creative gifts, and local craftsmanship in the heart of North Berwick at Rock & Bird.
SO & CO Accessories
5.3 km
Discover stylish, contemporary accessories and unique gifts in a charming boutique on North Berwick’s High Street.
NØRDEN
5.4 km
Discover Nordic-inspired homewares and lifestyle treasures in North Berwick’s family-owned concept store, NØRDEN.
Whynot?
5.4 km
Explore Whynot? in North Berwick, where exquisite delicatessen treats meet a vibrant arts and crafts atmosphere.
Madame Butterfly
5.4 km
Explore Madame Butterfly in North Berwick for unique gifts and local craftsmanship that capture the spirit of Scotland.
Old Smiddy gift shop
12.8 km
Discover unique Scottish gifts, handmade treasures, and charming souvenirs at Old Smiddy Gift Shop in the heart of Gullane.
Secret Boutique
12.9 km
Discover timeless European ladieswear and personalized service in the welcoming charm of Gullane’s Secret Boutique.
BlackHouse
12.9 km
Discover authentic Scottish craftsmanship with unique Harris Tweed bags, ceramics, and jewellery at BlackHouse in charming Gullane.
Nungate Minimarket
15.9 km
Discover Nungate Minimarket in Haddington, your go-to convenience store for local snacks and essentials during your Scottish adventure.
Gibsons Of Haddington
16.0 km
Discover expert watch repairs and unique gifts in the heart of historic Haddington’s Market Street.
The Malt Kiln..
16.0 km
Discover artisan cheeses and unique gifts in the heart of historic Haddington at The Malt Kiln.
The Original Factory Shop (Haddington)
16.0 km
Affordable quality and variety await at The Original Factory Shop in Haddington, your local destination for unbeatable bargains.
Funky Scottish
16.1 km
Discover Scottish art, gifts, and coffee in a vibrant, creative space at Funky Scottish in the heart of Pittenweem.
Essential bars & hidden hideouts
The Ship Inn
5.2 km
A warm, traditional Scottish pub in North Berwick offering hearty fare, lively sports, and friendly vibes by the sea.
The Auld Hoose
5.2 km
A lively North Berwick pub famed for craft drinks, massive portions, and a welcoming rock ’n’ roll vibe in a cozy, dog-friendly setting.
The Bear & Bull
11.4 km
A friendly, dog-welcoming bar and café on Dunbar’s High Street, offering quality food, drinks, and a warm local atmosphere.
The New Pheasant
15.9 km
Experience warm Scottish hospitality and hearty local fare at The New Pheasant, a cozy pub nestled in the heart of historic Haddington.
Mercat
16.0 km
Experience authentic Scottish hospitality and lively local charm at Mercat Pub, the heart of Haddington’s social scene.
The Plough Tavern
16.1 km
A welcoming Scottish pub and hotel in Haddington offering hearty traditional fare, local ales, and cozy accommodation in a historic setting.
Thorntree Inn
23.0 km
Coastal charm and warm hospitality meet at Thorntree Inn, Cockenzie’s welcoming local pub with stunning sea views and a relaxed vibe.
Whispers Lounge Bar
24.4 km
A cozy, family-run pub offering hearty meals and local drinks in the heart of Tranent’s historic High Street.
The New Prestoungrange Gothenburg
25.5 km
Historic coastal pub in Prestonpans blending heritage, craft beers, and scenic sea views for a memorable social experience.
Levenhall Arms
28.1 km
A cozy Musselburgh pub famed for quality real ales, hearty Indian-inspired pub food, and warm local hospitality.
The David MacBeth Moir - JD Wetherspoon
29.9 km
A welcoming JD Wetherspoon pub in Musselburgh offering hearty meals, local ales, and a lively atmosphere from breakfast to late night.
Man I' The Rock
30.2 km
A cozy, traditional pub in Dysart offering genuine Scottish hospitality and a welcoming local atmosphere.
Fife Arms Pub
31.3 km
A traditional Scottish pub in Kirkcaldy offering hearty fare, local drinks, and a lively community atmosphere in a welcoming setting.
The Jigger Inn
31.5 km
Historic 19th-century pub beside St Andrews’ Old Course, famed for golf heritage, cozy fires, hearty Scottish fare, and exclusive Jigger Ale.
Bogarts
31.5 km
A lively and affordable pub in Kirkcaldy’s heart, offering classic drinks and a welcoming atmosphere every day until midnight.
For the vibe & atmosphere seeker
- Scenic
- Relaxing
- Unique
- Tranquil
- Fun-filled
For the architecture buff
- Historic
- Landmarks
- Sacred Sites
- Heritage Neighborhoods
- Parks & Gardens
For the view chaser and sunset hunter
- Iconic Views
- Panoramas
- Waterfront
- Sunrise Spots
- Sunset Spots
For the social media creator & influencer
- Instagrammable
- Photo Spots
- Selfie Spots
- Aesthetic Corners
For the eco-conscious traveler
- Protected Area
- Nature Reserve
- Public-Transport Accessible
- Locally Managed
- Wildlife Habitat
For the kind of experience you’re after
- Cultural Heritage
- Nature Escape
- Photowalk
- Day Trip
- Weekend Getaway
- Myth & Legends
For how adventurous you want the journey to be
- Easy Access
Location Audience
- Family Friendly
- Senior Friendly
- Child Friendly
- Teen Friendly
- Wheelchair Access
- Pet Friendly
- Couple Friendly
- Solo Friendly
- Vegetarian Friendly
- Vegan Friendly
