Preston Tower: A Storied Medieval Stronghold in Prestonpans

Architectural Heritage of Preston Tower

Preston Tower is a classic example of a Scottish tower house, originally constructed in the late 14th or early 15th century, with its core built from red sandstone typical of East Lothian. The tower initially rose four storeys, featuring thick walls, a vaulted basement, and a first-floor hall with a hatch providing access to the lower levels. In 1626, two additional storeys were added, including Renaissance-style windows, enhancing its stature and defensive capabilities. The tower’s design includes a corbelled parapet with open rounds at the corners, and evidence of defensive features such as a machicolation—a projecting stonework gap used to drop objects on attackers—above the main entrance.

The Tower’s Turbulent Past and Conflicts

Throughout its history, Preston Tower was repeatedly damaged by fire during significant conflicts. It was burned in 1544 by the Earl of Hertford during the 'Rough Wooing,' an Anglo-Scottish war aimed at enforcing English dominance. Later, in 1650, Oliver Cromwell’s forces again set fire to the tower after the Battle of Dunbar, destroying valuable family records. A final accidental fire in 1663 led to its abandonment by the Hamilton family, who moved to nearby Preston House. These burnings left visible scars on the structure, including blocked entrances and damaged stonework, telling the story of its violent past.

The Hamilton Legacy and Local Significance

The tower was built and owned by the Hamiltons of Preston, a prominent family in the region. In 1617, the Hamiltons were granted rights to hold weekly markets and an annual fair, known as St. Jerome’s Fair, reflecting the tower’s role not only as a defensive stronghold but also as a local center of governance and commerce. The Hamiltons’ initials, carved into the stonework by Sir John Hamilton and his wife Katherine Howieson, remain visible and connect visitors to the personal histories embedded in the tower’s walls.

Surrounding Gardens and Doocot

Preston Tower is set within a walled garden that includes a 17th-century doocot (dovecote), a structure used historically to house pigeons or doves for food and communication. The gardens provide a tranquil green space contrasting with the tower’s rugged ruins, offering visitors a peaceful environment to reflect on the site’s history. The area is enclosed by walls and fences, preserving the site’s integrity and enhancing its quiet, restful atmosphere.

Preservation and Public Access

Purchased by the National Trust for Scotland in 1969 and now managed by East Lothian Council, Preston Tower is a Scheduled Monument open to the public for exterior viewing. While the interior is not accessible for climbing, the tower’s imposing silhouette and detailed stonework can be admired from the gardens and surrounding paths. The site is recognized for its historical importance and is a cherished heritage landmark within East Lothian.

Visitor Experience and Atmosphere

Visitors to Preston Tower encounter a site steeped in history and quiet dignity. The tower’s ruins evoke the medieval era’s defensive architecture and the turbulent history of Scotland’s border conflicts. The peaceful gardens and doocot add layers of charm and provide a scenic backdrop for photography and contemplation. Despite its modest footprint, the tower’s height and enduring presence make it a striking and memorable destination for those interested in Scottish history and heritage.