Craigmillar Castle: Edinburgh’s Medieval Stronghold and Royal Refuge

Origins and Architectural Evolution

Craigmillar Castle began as a modest L-plan tower house in the early 15th century, constructed by the Preston family. Over the next two and a half centuries, it was expanded into a substantial fortified residence with a range of private chambers, a great hall, stables, and defensive walls. The castle’s architecture reflects its dual role as both a stronghold and a comfortable home, with features such as narrow spiral staircases, vaulted rooms, and a prison cell. Its layout is a fascinating maze, inviting exploration and discovery.

Royal Connections and Historical Significance

The castle is famously linked to Mary Queen of Scots, who sought refuge here twice, including after the murder of her secretary, David Rizzio. It was also the site where conspirators plotted the murder of her husband, Lord Darnley. Owned by Sir Simon Preston, a loyal supporter turned jailer of Mary, Craigmillar played a pivotal role in the turbulent politics of 16th-century Scotland. The castle’s history intertwines with Edinburgh’s story and the wider Scottish monarchy.

Setting and Natural Features

Set on gentle ground just a mile outside Edinburgh’s old city walls, Craigmillar Castle is surrounded by gardens, pastureland, and a distinctive fishpond shaped like the letter 'P' for the Preston family. The castle entrance is marked by two ancient yew trees, symbolizing longevity and historically prized for bow-making wood. From the top of the tower house, visitors enjoy sweeping views of Edinburgh’s skyline, including Holyrood Park, Arthur’s Seat, and Edinburgh Castle.

Visitor Experience and Accessibility

Today, Craigmillar Castle is a captivating ruin open for self-guided exploration. Visitors can roam the courtyard, climb battlements, and delve into the castle’s many rooms and staircases. While some areas remain closed for conservation and safety, the site offers benches, information boards, and a visitor centre. The castle is accessible via a gently inclined tarmac path from the visitor centre, with some steep and uneven surfaces inside. Assistance dogs are welcome, and carers accompanying disabled visitors receive free entry.

Cultural Legacy and Media Presence

Craigmillar Castle’s atmospheric ruins have inspired filmmakers and historians alike. It featured in the TV series “Outlander” as Ardsmuir Prison and in the film “Outlaw King.” The castle’s labyrinthine interior and historic ambiance make it a favourite spot for photographers and history enthusiasts. The discovery of a skeleton walled up in the vaults adds an intriguing, if mysterious, chapter to its story.

Conservation and Community Engagement

Managed by Historic Environment Scotland, Craigmillar Castle benefits from ongoing conservation efforts to preserve its structure and surroundings. Visitors are encouraged to respect the site’s heritage and natural environment. The castle’s integration into the local community and its role as a cultural landmark continue to enrich Edinburgh’s historical landscape.