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Cairo Citadel: A Historic Fortress Above the City

Explore the Cairo Citadel: a historic fortress with mosques, museums, and panoramic views of Cairo, showcasing centuries of Egyptian history and architecture.

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The Cairo Citadel, also known as the Citadel of Saladin, is a medieval Islamic fortification built in the 12th century by Salah al-Din to protect Cairo from Crusader attacks. For 700 years, it served as the seat of government and residence of Egypt's rulers. Today, it's a UNESCO World Heritage Site offering stunning views and a glimpse into Egypt's rich history.

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Local tips

  • Wear comfortable shoes, as there is a lot of walking to do on uneven terrain.
  • Dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees, especially when visiting the mosques.
  • Visit in the late afternoon for stunning sunset views over Cairo.
  • Check the opening hours before your visit, as they may vary, especially during Ramadan.
  • Carry cash in local currency for entrance tickets.
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Getting There

  • Taxi

    From most locations in Cairo, taking a taxi or ride-sharing service (Uber/Careem) is a convenient way to reach the Cairo Citadel. Simply enter 'Cairo Citadel' or 'Citadel of Saladin' as your destination. A typical taxi ride from downtown Cairo will cost around 20-30 EGP, depending on traffic and distance. Be prepared for potentially heavy traffic, especially during peak hours.

  • Public Transport

    To reach the Cairo Citadel via public transport, take the Cairo Metro to the Sadat Station (Tahrir Square). From there, you can take a taxi or a bus towards Al-Hussein Mosque or the Islamic Cairo area. Ask the driver to drop you off near the Citadel. The bus fare is typically around 5 EGP. From the drop-off point, there may be a short uphill walk to the Citadel entrance.

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Perched atop the Mokattam Hills, the Cairo Citadel dominates Cairo's skyline and offers panoramic views of the city. Originally built by Saladin between 1176 and 1183 AD, the Citadel was designed to defend Cairo from potential Crusader invasions and establish a secure government center. The location was strategically chosen on a promontory beneath the Muqattam Hills, making it difficult to attack. Over the centuries, the Citadel has undergone significant transformations under various rulers. The Mamluk Sultanate and Muhammad Ali Pasha significantly altered the structure, adding mosques, palaces, and museums. Today, the Citadel showcases a blend of Ayyubid, Mamluk, and Ottoman architectural styles. Key landmarks within the Citadel include the Mosque of Muhammad Ali, also known as the Alabaster Mosque, built in the 19th century. Its towering minarets and Ottoman design make it a prominent feature of the Cairo skyline. The Mosque of al-Nasir Muhammad, dating back to the Mamluk period, showcases intricate Islamic architecture. The Citadel also houses several museums, including the National Military Museum, the Police Museum, and the Al-Gawhara Palace Museum, offering insights into Egyptian history and culture. The Citadel remained the center of Egyptian government until Khedive Ismail moved to Abdeen Palace in the 19th century. In the 20th century, it served as a military garrison before being opened to the public in 1983. Today, the Cairo Citadel is a must-see destination for tourists, offering a blend of history, architecture, and breathtaking views.

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