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Kouloures at Knossos: Enigmatic Circular Pits

Explore the enigmatic Kouloures at Knossos, ancient circular pits with a mysterious past, offering a glimpse into Minoan life.

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The Kouloures are circular, subsurface pits located in the West Court of the Palace of Knossos. Built during the Old Palace period (1900-1700 BC), their purpose remains a mystery, with theories ranging from grain storage to rubbish disposal. These intriguing structures add to the historical allure of Knossos, the epicenter of Minoan civilization.

A brief summary to Kouloures

Local tips

  • Wear comfortable shoes, as the terrain around the Kouloures and Knossos Palace is uneven.
  • Bring water and sun protection, especially during the hot summer months.
  • Consider visiting early in the morning or later in the afternoon to avoid crowds and heat.
  • Hire a licensed guide at the entrance for detailed insights into the Kouloures and the Palace of Knossos.
  • Combine your visit with the Heraklion Archaeological Museum to see original artifacts from Knossos.
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Getting There

  • Public Transport

    From Heraklion city center, take Bus No. 2 towards Knossos. The bus departs regularly from the Heraklion Bus Station, which is about 200 meters from the Archaeological Museum. The journey to Knossos takes approximately 15-20 minutes. Once at Knossos, the Kouloures are located within the archaeological site, immediately to your left after entering the Palace. Bus tickets cost around €1-€2.

  • Taxi

    Taxis are readily available in Heraklion city center. A taxi ride to Knossos takes approximately 10 minutes. Negotiate the fare or ensure the meter is running. Expect to pay around €8-€11 for the trip. From the taxi drop-off point, the Kouloures are located within the archaeological site, immediately to your left after entering the Palace.

  • Walking

    From the Knossos bus stop or parking area, proceed to the main entrance of the Knossos Palace. After entering the archaeological site, the Kouloures will be immediately visible to your left. Follow the marked paths within the site to reach the West Court where the Kouloures are located. No additional costs are involved beyond the entrance fee to the Knossos Palace (€15).

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Discover more about Kouloures

The Kouloures are a set of large, circular, stone-lined pits in the West Court of the Palace of Knossos. Constructed during the Minoan period, specifically around 1850-1750 BC, these structures have puzzled archaeologists for decades. The name 'Kouloures' was given by workmen during the initial excavations led by Arthur Evans in 1903, inspired by their resemblance to round Greek bread. Each pit is approximately two meters deep and several meters in diameter, showcasing the architectural skill of the Minoans. The Kouloures were built during the first palace phase, and later covered, marking a change in their function. Their strategic location near the palace's main entrances suggests they played a significant role in the palace complex. Various theories attempt to explain the Kouloures' purpose. One suggests they were granaries for storing excess grain, highlighting their role in the Minoan civilization's agricultural and economic systems. Another theory proposes they were depositories for ritual artifacts and offerings, supported by fragments of pottery and delicate 'eggshell' vessels found within. Alternatively, they may have been used as refuse pits for ritual waste. Today, they are generally regarded as depositories for offerings from the Palace shrines, or granaries. While the exact function of the Kouloures remains unknown, their presence contributes to the fascination and complexity of the Knossos Palace. Visitors can observe the remains of houses within two of these circular structures. The Kouloures offer a glimpse into the spiritual, cultural, and architectural practices of the Minoans, underscoring Knossos's importance as a cultural center.

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