Crete: A Tapestry of Myth, Sun, and Sea

• HelloΓεια σας
  [Ya sas]
• GoodbyeΑντίο
  [Adio]
• YesΝαι
  [Ne]
• NoΌχι
  [Ohi]
• Please/You're welcomeΠαρακαλώ
  [Parakalo]
• Thank youΕυχαριστώ
  [Efharisto]
• Excuse me/SorryΣυγγνώμη
  [Signomi]
• How are you?Τι κάνεις;
  [Ti kanis?]
• Fine. And you?Καλά. Εσύ;
  [Kala. Esi?]
• Do you speak English?Μιλάτε αγγλικά;
  [Milate anglika?]
• I don't understandΔεν καταλαβαίνω
  [Den katalaveno]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseΘα ήθελα να δω το μενού, παρακαλώ
  [Tha ithela na do to menu, parakalo]
• I don't eat meatΔεν τρώω κρέας
  [Den troo kreas]
• Cheers!ΥΓΕΙΑ!
  [Yia]
• I would like to pay, pleaseΘα ήθελα να πληρώσω, παρακαλώ
  [Tha ithela na pliros-o, parakalo]

• Help!Βοήθεια!
  [Voithia!]
• Go away!Φύγε!
  [Fi-ge!]
• Call the Police!Καλέστε την Αστυνομία!
  [Ka-leste tin Astinomia!]
• Call a doctor!Καλέστε γιατρό!
  [Ka-leste giatro!]
• I'm lostΈχω χαθεί
  [Eho ha-thee]
• I'm illΕίμαι άρρωστος
  [E-mai a-ro-stos]

• I'd like to buy...Θα ήθελα να αγοράσω...
  [Tha ithela na agoras-o]
• I'm just lookingΑπλά κοιτάω
  [Apla kitao]
• How much is it?Πόσο κοστίζει;
  [Poso kostizi?]
• That's too expensiveΑυτό είναι πολύ ακριβό
  [Afto ine poli akri-vo]
• Can you lower the price?Μπορείτε να μειώσετε την τιμή;
  [Borite na mei-ose-te tin timi?]

• What time is it?Τι ώρα είναι;
  [Ti ora ine?]
• It's one o'clockΕίναι μία η ώρα
  [E-ne mia i ora]
• Half past (10)Μισή (10)
  [Mi-si (10)]
• MorningΠρωί
  [Pro-i]
• AfternoonΑπόγευμα
  [A-po-yef-ma]
• EveningΒράδυ
  [Vra-thi]
• YesterdayΧτες
  [Htes]
• TodayΣήμερα
  [Si-mera]
• TomorrowΑύριο
  [Au-rio]
• 1Ένα
  [E-na]
• 2Δύο
  [Thi-o]
• 3Τρία
  [Tri-a]
• 4Τέσσερα
  [Te-se-ra]
• 5Πέντε
  [Pen-de]
• 6Έξι
  [E-xi]
• 7Επτά
  [Ep-ta]
• 8Οκτώ
  [Ok-to]
• 9Εννιά
  [En-nia]
• 10Δέκα
  [The-ka]

• Where's a/the...?Πού είναι ένα/το...;
  [Pou ine ena/to...?]
• What's the address?Ποια είναι η διεύθυνση;
  [Pia ine i diefthinsi?]
• Can you show me (on the map)?Μπορείτε να μου δείξετε (στο χάρτη);
  [Borite na mou di-xe-te (sto har-ti)?]
• When's the next (bus)?Πότε είναι το επόμενο (λεωφορείο);
  [Pote ine to e-po-meno (leoforio)?]
• A ticket (to ....)Ένα εισιτήριο (για...);
  [Ena isiti-rio (gia...)?]

Crete is widely regarded as the birthplace of the Minoan civilization, which flourished from approximately 2600 to 1100 BCE. The Minoans are credited with creating Europe's first advanced civilization, characterized by its impressive palaces, sophisticated art, and intricate writing systems such as Linear A. The Palace of Knossos, located near the modern-day city of Heraklion, is one of the most prominent archaeological sites from this period.

According to Greek mythology, Crete is home to the legendary labyrinth that housed the Minotaur, a creature with the body of a man and the head of a bull. The labyrinth was constructed by the master craftsman Daedalus under the orders of King Minos. This mythological tale is deeply intertwined with the history of the Minoan palace at Knossos and remains one of the most captivating stories associated with Crete.

Around 1450 BCE, the Minoan civilization began to decline, possibly due to natural disasters like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. This period saw the rise of the Mycenaeans from mainland Greece, who gradually took over Crete. The Mycenaeans adopted many aspects of Minoan culture, including their art and writing systems, and continued to use the palaces on the island.

In 67 BCE, the Roman Empire conquered Crete after a protracted and bloody campaign. The island was subsequently integrated into the Roman province of Crete and Cyrenaica. Under Roman rule, Crete experienced a period of relative peace and prosperity, with the construction of significant infrastructure such as roads, aqueducts, and public buildings.

Following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Crete became part of the Byzantine Empire. However, in 824 CE, the island was captured by Arab forces, who established the Emirate of Crete. This period saw the construction of the city of Chandax (modern-day Heraklion) as a major center of commerce and piracy. The Byzantines recaptured the island in 961 CE, leading to a revival of Christian culture and architecture.

In 1204, after the Fourth Crusade, Crete came under the control of the Republic of Venice. The Venetians ruled the island for over four centuries, leaving a lasting impact on its architecture, art, and culture. The fortresses, harbors, and buildings from this period, such as the Fortezza in Rethymno and the Venetian Harbor in Chania, are still prominent landmarks today.

Crete was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1669 after a protracted siege of Candia (Heraklion). The Ottoman rule lasted until the late 19th century and brought significant changes to the island's social and religious landscape. Many churches were converted to mosques, and the influence of Ottoman architecture is still visible in cities like Heraklion and Chania.

One of the most significant events in Crete's modern history is the Battle of Crete during World War II. In May 1941, Nazi Germany launched an airborne invasion of the island, which was defended by Allied forces and Cretan resistance fighters. Despite their eventual defeat, the fierce resistance put up by the Cretans became legendary and demonstrated the indomitable spirit of the island's inhabitants.

After World War II, Crete became part of the modern Greek state and has since developed into a major tourist destination. The island's rich history, diverse culture, and stunning landscapes attract millions of visitors each year. The preservation of its historical sites, combined with vibrant local traditions, ensures that Crete remains a living testament to its storied past.

Crete, Greece's largest island, can be accessed by both air and sea. The island has two international airports: Heraklion International Airport (HER) and Chania International Airport (CHQ), both well-connected to major cities in Europe. Ferries from Athens' Piraeus Port also serve Crete, docking at Heraklion, Chania, and Rethymnon ports. Ferry services are frequent, especially during the summer months.

Public transport, including buses operated by KTEL, is reliable and covers most of the island. Renting a car is a popular choice for exploring remote areas and beaches. Taxis are available in larger towns and cities, and ride-hailing apps like Beat are commonly used. Motorbikes and bicycles can also be rented for shorter distances. Roads can be narrow and winding, so drive cautiously.

The official currency in Crete is the Euro (EUR). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and larger shops, but it's advisable to carry cash, especially in rural areas or smaller establishments. ATMs are readily available in towns and tourist areas. Tipping is customary but not obligatory; rounding up the bill or leaving 5-10% is appreciated.

Crete is generally a safe destination for tourists. However, pickpocketing can occur in crowded places such as markets and tourist spots. Areas like Heraklion's city center may experience higher rates of petty crime, so remain vigilant and avoid displaying valuables. Always keep an eye on personal belongings and use hotel safes for storing important documents and valuables.

In case of emergency, dial 112, the European emergency number. For medical emergencies, public hospitals are available in major cities like Heraklion, Chania, and Rethymnon. Pharmacies are widespread and can provide over-the-counter medications. It is recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. Police stations are located in all towns for reporting crimes.

Fashion: Do dress modestly when visiting religious sites. Avoid overly revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs, such as covering your shoulders and knees in churches and monasteries. Public Transport: Do be courteous and offer your seat to elderly passengers. Don’t speak loudly or eat on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a polite 'Kalimera' (Good morning) or 'Kalispera' (Good evening). Eating & Drinking: Do try local dishes and wines. Don’t rush meals; dining is a leisurely activity in Crete.

To experience Crete like a local, visit the village tavernas for authentic Cretan cuisine. Engage with locals, who are known for their hospitality and willingness to share stories about their island. Participating in local festivals and fairs can offer a deeper understanding of Cretan culture. Don’t miss out on exploring the less touristy villages and natural landscapes, such as the Samaria Gorge and Elafonissi Beach.