Daugavpils Fortress: A 19th-Century Marvel

Daugavpils Fortress is a remarkable historical site, representing a significant period in European military architecture. Construction commenced in 1810, spurred by rising tensions before Napoleon's invasion of Russia. The fortress served as a crucial defense base for the Russian Empire's western frontier. Delays due to the Napoleonic Wars, flooding, and slow construction meant it was only fully completed in 1878. The fortress has seen various uses throughout history. Between 1920 and 1940, it housed the Latvian army after Latvia's independence was recognized. During World War II, it served as a Stalag 340, a camp for Soviet prisoners of war. From 1948 to 1993, it was home to the Daugavpils Higher School of Military Aircraft Engineering. Today, Daugavpils Fortress is a cultural and tourism center, offering visitors a glimpse into the past. The fortress occupies a vast area of 150 hectares and features a unique layout designed to eliminate 'dead zones'. Its bastions, ramparts, and gates exemplify 19th-century military engineering. Key features include the Nicholas Gate, the Water Tower (now a visitor center), and the Mark Rothko Art Center located in the Arsenal building. Visitors can explore the fortress grounds, view the fortifications, and learn about its history at the Daugavpils Fortress Visitor Centre.