Cusco: The Heartbeat of Ancient Andean Civilization

• HelloQanqo
  [kang-koh]
• GoodbyeAllinllachu
  [al-leen-ya-chu]
• YesArí
  [ah-ree]
• NoManan
  [mah-nan]
• Please/You're welcomeImaynalla
  [ee-mine-yah-ya]
• Thank youSulpayki
  [sul-pai-kee]
• Excuse me/SorryPaqarin
  [pa-ka-reen]
• How are you?Ima kachkanki?
  [ee-ma kach-kahn-kee]
• Fine. And you?Allin. Ima kachkan?
  [al-leen. ee-ma kach-kahn]
• Do you speak English?Inglis siminchu?
  [ing-lees see-meen-chu]
• I don't understandManan riqsiyki
  [mah-nan reek-see-kee]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseMenuyta qawaychikuy
  [men-oo-ee-ta ka-wai-chi-kooi]
• I don't eat meatNikumanta mishkiyki
  [nee-koo-man-ta meesh-kee-kee]
• Cheers!Kanpai!
  [kahn-pai]
• I would like to pay, pleasePagaraychikuyta munanki
  [pa-ga-rye-chee-kooi-ta moo-nan-kee]

• Help!Yawarapay!
  [ya-wa-ra-pie]
• Go away!Imaynalla!
  [ee-mine-yah-ya]
• Call the Police!Pulisiyta llamanki!
  [poo-lee-see-ta yam-man-kee]
• Call a doctor!Yachakuyta llamanki!
  [ya-cha-kooi-ta yam-man-kee]
• I'm lostQhipaqaqaqa
  [khee-pak-kak-kak]
• I'm illSicki
  [seek-kee]

• I'd like to buy...Quchuyta chaskikuy
  [koo-chu-ee-ta chas-kee-kooi]
• I'm just lookingMusuq chaskikuy
  [moo-sook chas-kee-kooi]
• How much is it?Kaymanchikuy?
  [ki-man-chee-kooi]
• That's too expensiveKaymanchu chinkachikuy
  [ki-man-chu cheen-ka-chee-kooi]
• Can you lower the price?Kaymanchikuy chinkachiyki?
  [ki-man-chee-kooi cheen-ka-chee-kee]

• What time is it?Imaynata rikunki?
  [ee-mine-ya-ta ree-koon-kee]
• It's one o'clockJuk
  [hook]
• Half past (10)Iskay chaski
  [ees-kai chas-kee]
• MorningP'unchaw
  [poon-chow]
• AfternoonInti chay
  [een-tee chai]
• EveningCh'aski
  [chas-kee]
• YesterdayKunan
  [koo-nan]
• TodayKachun
  [ka-choon]
• TomorrowÑiqin
  [nye-keen]
• 1Huk
  [hook]
• 2Iskay
  [ees-kai]
• 3Kimsa
  [keem-sa]
• 4Tawa
  [ta-wa]
• 5Pichqa
  [peech-kah]
• 6Soqta
  [sohk-ta]
• 7Qanchis
  [kahn-chees]
• 8Pusaq
  [poo-sak]
• 9Iskayniyuq
  [ees-kai-nee-yook]
• 10Chunqan
  [choon-kan]

• Where's a/the...?Imayna...
  [ee-mine-ya]
• What's the address?Qhaway...
  [ka-wai]
• Can you show me (on the map)?Mapananchikuyta chinkachiyki?
  [ma-pa-nan-chee-kooi-ta cheen-ka-chee-kee]
• When's the next (bus)?Kanmanchikuy...
  [kan-man-chee-kooi]
• A ticket (to ....)Tikiti...
  [tee-kee-tee]

Cusco, known as the 'navel of the world,' was founded around 1100 AD by Manco Capac, the first Sapa Inca, according to Inca mythology. This city served as the capital of the Inca Empire and was the political, military, and cultural heart of one of the largest empires in pre-Columbian America.

During the 15th century, under the rule of Pachacuti Inca Yupanqui, the Inca Empire expanded rapidly. Cusco was meticulously planned and developed with advanced engineering feats, including agricultural terraces and sophisticated irrigation systems. The city was adorned with grand palaces, temples, and plazas.

In 1533, Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro captured Cusco, marking the fall of the Inca Empire. The Spaniards began to impose their culture, religion, and architecture on the city. Many Inca structures were dismantled to construct colonial buildings. The most notable example is the Santo Domingo Convent, built atop the Inca temple of Koricancha.

In 1536, Manco Inca Yupanqui led a major rebellion against Spanish rule, laying siege to Cusco. Despite initial successes, the siege ultimately failed, and Manco Inca retreated to the fortress of Vilcabamba. This event marked the last significant attempt by the Incas to reclaim their capital.

Throughout the colonial period, Cusco remained an essential administrative center for the Spanish Crown. The city saw the construction of numerous churches, convents, and colonial mansions. The blend of Inca and Spanish architecture is evident throughout Cusco, creating a unique cultural and architectural fusion.

Cusco has experienced several devastating earthquakes, notably in 1650 and 1950. Each time, the city's resilient spirit led to reconstruction efforts. Remarkably, many Inca structures, built with the precise stone masonry technique, withstood these quakes better than their colonial counterparts.

In 1983, Cusco was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its historical significance and cultural heritage. This designation has helped preserve and protect the city's rich legacy, making it a significant tourist destination and a living museum of Inca and colonial history.

Today, Cusco is a vibrant city that celebrates its rich history and cultural diversity. It serves as a gateway to the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu, attracting millions of tourists annually. The city's festivals, including Inti Raymi and Corpus Christi, continue to honor its Inca and colonial past.

Cusco Region is accessible primarily via Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport in Cusco City. Direct flights are available from Lima, the capital of Peru, as well as from several international destinations in South America. From the airport, you can take a taxi or a pre-arranged shuttle to your accommodation. Alternatively, long-distance buses operate from major Peruvian cities like Lima, Arequipa, and Puno to Cusco City. The journey by bus can be long but offers scenic views of the Peruvian landscape.

Within the Cusco Region, transportation options include taxis, buses, and colectivos (shared vans). Taxis are convenient for short trips within Cusco City and can be hailed on the street or booked via apps. Buses and colectivos are economical options for traveling to nearby towns and tourist sites. For those looking to explore the Sacred Valley or Machu Picchu, trains operated by PeruRail and Inca Rail offer comfortable and scenic journeys. Renting a car is also an option, but be prepared for mountainous roads and varying driving conditions.

The official currency in Peru is the Peruvian Sol (PEN). Credit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and larger shops in Cusco City and tourist areas. However, it is advisable to carry cash for smaller establishments and markets, as well as for tips and small purchases. ATMs are readily available in Cusco City and other major towns, but it is wise to withdraw sufficient cash before heading to more remote areas.

Cusco Region is generally safe for tourists, but petty crime such as pickpocketing and bag snatching can occur, especially in crowded areas. High-crime areas targeting tourists include the San Blas neighborhood at night and the area around the bus terminal. Always keep an eye on your belongings, avoid displaying valuables openly, and be cautious when using ATMs. Stick to well-lit and populated areas, especially after dark.

In case of emergency, dial 105 for police assistance, 116 for fire emergencies, and 106 for medical emergencies. Cusco City has several hospitals and clinics that provide medical care. It is advisable to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and evacuation. Pharmacies are available in Cusco City and larger towns for over-the-counter medications. For more severe health issues, seek help at a hospital or clinic immediately.

Fashion: Do dress in layers, as the weather can change quickly. Comfortable walking shoes are essential. Avoid wearing flashy jewelry. Religion: Do show respect when visiting churches and religious sites. Remove hats and sunglasses upon entering. Public Transport: Do be courteous and offer your seat to elderly passengers. Don’t eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a friendly 'Buenos días' (Good morning) or 'Buenas tardes' (Good afternoon). A handshake is common. Eating & Drinking: Do try local dishes such as ceviche and guinea pig (cuy). Don’t drink tap water; always opt for bottled or purified water.

To experience Cusco Region like a local, visit the San Pedro Market in Cusco City for fresh produce and traditional goods. Engage in conversations with locals, who are often friendly and eager to share their culture and history. Attend local festivals such as Inti Raymi, the Inca Festival of the Sun, for an authentic cultural experience. Take the time to explore lesser-known ruins and trails, such as those in the Sacred Valley, for a more intimate and off-the-beaten-path adventure.