Liddington Hillfort: Ancient Iron Age Sentinel of Wiltshire

Early Origins and Archaeological Significance

Liddington Hillfort is one of Britain's earliest hillforts, with initial occupation beginning in the 7th century BC during the Iron Age. The fort's earthworks comprise a simple oval bank made of timber and earth, fronted by a ditch, enclosing about 3 hectares. Archaeological excavations have revealed multiple construction phases, including enhancements during the Saxon period. Finds such as early Iron Age pottery and human bone fragments attest to its long history. The site also features a deep ritual shaft, a feature shared with other ancient hillforts, indicating its cultural and possibly spiritual importance.

Strategic Location and Landscape Views

Situated at 275 meters (902 feet) above sea level, Liddington Hill is the highest point in the Borough of Swindon, offering commanding 360-degree panoramic views. From the summit, visitors can gaze over the Marlborough Downs, the Ridgeway National Trail, and the expanding urban sprawl of Swindon. The hillfort’s elevated position underscores its strategic significance in ancient times, providing visibility for defense and communication across the landscape.

Historical Layers and World War II Legacy

Beyond its Iron Age roots, the hillfort area played a role during World War II as a Starfish decoy site designed to mislead enemy bombers targeting Swindon. Remnants of this era include a nearby control bunker and metal troughs used to simulate fires. This juxtaposition of ancient and modern military history adds a unique dimension, allowing visitors to explore multiple eras of defensive architecture and wartime ingenuity.

Natural Environment and Visitor Experience

Liddington Hillfort is surrounded by peaceful countryside, characterized by rolling hills and grazing sheep, creating a serene setting for visitors. The site is relatively quiet and less frequented than neighboring hillforts, offering a secluded atmosphere for reflection. The Ridgeway National Trail runs nearby, and a circular walking route provides an immersive experience through the natural and historic landscape. The terrain is hilly and can be muddy, so sturdy footwear is recommended.

Cultural Connections and Local Heritage

The hillfort is linked to local literary heritage, notably celebrated by writer Richard Jefferies, who found inspiration in the site’s natural beauty. A memorial plaque honors Jefferies and fellow local writer Alfred Williams, embedding cultural memory within the landscape. Additionally, Liddington Castle is sometimes associated with the legendary Battle of Mount Badon, where King Arthur is said to have defeated the Anglo-Saxon armies, though archaeological evidence for this remains unconfirmed.

Preservation and Access Considerations

While the site is accessible via permissive footpaths, there is no dedicated car park, and visitors must navigate carefully to avoid private land and barbed wire fences. The hillfort’s earthworks show signs of erosion and occasional vandalism, highlighting the need for respectful visitation. Despite these challenges, Liddington Hillfort remains a valuable heritage landmark, offering insights into prehistoric life and a tranquil escape within Wiltshire’s landscape.