Arnside Tower: A Majestic Medieval Pele Tower in Cumbria

Origins and Architectural Distinction

Arnside Tower is a remarkable example of a late medieval pele tower, constructed in the late 14th or early 15th century. Unlike many pele towers in Cumbria, Arnside Tower features an unusual L-shaped design more common in Scottish tower houses, providing increased living space and defensive advantages. Originally, the tower rose five storeys high, built from limestone rubble atop a natural limestone knoll, strategically positioned to overlook the Kent estuary and marshes. Its design shares similarities with notable structures such as Ashby de la Zouch Castle and Barden Tower, reflecting influences from both English and Scottish medieval architecture.

Historical Role and Ownership

The tower was likely built to provide protection against Border Reivers—raiders common in the Anglo-Scottish borderlands during the medieval period. Arnside Tower’s earliest recorded mention dates to 1517, linked to the Middleton family, with ownership later passing to the Stanley family for over 300 years. In 1815, it was sold to Daniel Wilson of the Dallam Tower Estate, which still owns the site. The tower’s history is marked by a significant fire in 1602, probably accidental, after which it was repaired and modernized. It remained occupied into the late 18th century before partial dismantling and decay set in.

Structural Changes and Decline

The 1602 fire led to changes in the tower’s defensive features, including the addition of larger windows as the border region became more peaceful under unified English and Scottish rule. In 1884, a severe storm caused the collapse of the south-west wall and central partition, leaving the tower roofless and floorless. Despite some structural repairs in recent decades, the tower is classified as a Scheduled Monument and Grade II* listed building but remains in a ruinous state, with interior access discouraged due to safety concerns.

Setting and Visitor Experience

Arnside Tower stands amid fields near Arnside Knott, a prominent hill offering panoramic views of the Kent estuary and surrounding countryside. Visitors can enjoy excellent views of the tower from a public footpath running alongside it, capturing its dramatic silhouette framed by trees and open skies. The tower’s remote and tranquil setting invites reflection on its storied past and the rugged landscape that shaped its purpose.

Conservation and Significance

Recognized for its regional and national historic importance, Arnside Tower has been the focus of conservation interest since the early 2000s. Collaborative efforts involving the Dallam Tower Estate, local councils, and heritage organizations aim to preserve the structure despite ongoing challenges from weathering and neglect. The tower stands as a poignant reminder of the border conflicts and feudal history of northern England, embodying architectural and cultural heritage unique to Cumbria.

Architectural Features and Interior Remnants

Although largely a shell today, the tower’s surviving walls reveal doorways, fireplaces, and possibly a piscina on the first floor. The turret staircase remains largely intact, hinting at the tower’s original layout with service rooms on the ground floor, a hall above, and sleeping quarters and storage on upper levels. The building’s thick walls and vaulted rooms underscore its defensive and domestic functions, blending comfort with security in a turbulent era.