Windsor Eton Bridge

A Bridge Spanning Centuries of History

Windsor Eton Bridge represents one of England's most enduring connections across the River Thames. The earliest documented evidence of a bridge at this location dates to 1172, when the King's tax collector recorded tolls collected from vessels passing beneath it. Over the subsequent centuries, the structure underwent numerous repairs and rebuilds, reflecting both the wear of continuous use and the evolving engineering standards of its time. By the early 18th century, the bridge had deteriorated so severely that authorities feared carts and coaches might collapse through the decaying timbers, prompting urgent intervention.

The 1824 Reconstruction and Neoclassical Design

The bridge that stands today largely dates from 1824, when a comprehensive reconstruction was completed at considerable expense. Designed by architect Charles Hollis and constructed by Richard Williams, the new bridge cost £15,000—a substantial sum for the period. The structure showcases neoclassical design principles, featuring elegant cast iron arches that span gracefully across the water. The bridge's architectural refinement reflects the confidence and prosperity of the Georgian era, and its proportions and detailing have made it an iconic landmark in the Thames Valley landscape. The opening ceremony on 1 June 1824 was a formal affair, with local dignitaries processing from the Swan Inn to witness the presentation of a silver key to the toll gate.

The Toll Controversy and Public Access

For much of the 19th century, the bridge operated under a toll system designed to fund its maintenance. However, by the 1890s, a legal dispute emerged over whether tolls should continue. The Parliamentary Act authorizing toll collection had expired in 1872, yet the Corporation of Windsor continued collecting approximately £500 annually. After a three-year legal battle culminating in rulings by the High Court of Appeal and House of Lords in 1898, the tolls were abolished. The removal of the tollgates became a cause for celebration, with crowds gathering to mark the bridge's transition to free public access.

Closure and Pedestrianisation

Nearly 150 years after its 1824 reconstruction, structural inspections revealed significant cracks in the cast iron arches. In 1969, Berkshire County Council's survey identified deterioration that required immediate action. Initially, traffic was restricted to a single lane controlled by traffic lights, but further assessments determined that more comprehensive measures were necessary. The bridge closed to vehicular traffic on 10 April 1970, and buses were rerouted around Windsor. A public inquiry held at Windsor Guildhall in December 1971 debated the bridge's future, with Windsor and Berkshire authorities advocating for pedestrianisation to reduce town centre congestion, while Eton and Buckinghamshire representatives expressed concerns about economic impact. The decision ultimately favored pedestrian use, transforming the bridge into an exclusively foot traffic crossing.

Engineering Heritage and Modern Significance

The bridge's cast iron construction represents Victorian engineering excellence, and its survival through two centuries of use testifies to the durability of well-designed structures. The elegant arches remain visible from both the Windsor and Eton riverbanks, offering photographers and visitors compelling views of the Thames. Today, the bridge serves as both a functional connection between the two historic towns and a tangible link to centuries of local history, from medieval times through the industrial era to the present day.