Yesnaby Cliffs and Castle: Orkney’s Dramatic Coastal Marvel

Geological Wonders Carved by Time

Yesnaby’s cliffs are formed from Lower Devonian Old Red Sandstone, a geological formation dating back around 400 million years. This sandstone, unique to the region and known as the Yesnaby Sandstone Group, is topped by Lower Stromness Flagstones where fossilized stromatolites—ancient microbial mats—can be found. These fossils, locally called Horse Tooth Stones, reveal a prehistoric seabed environment. The cliffs display evidence of volcanic activity and sedimentary features such as sand rippling and cracking, offering a window into Earth’s deep past.

Yesnaby Castle: The Two-Legged Sea Stack

Dominating the coastline is Yesnaby Castle, a 35-meter tall sea stack with a distinctive shape, standing on two slender legs. This natural monument, sometimes described as a smaller counterpart to the Old Man of Hoy, is a magnet for climbers and photographers. Its precarious form, sculpted by relentless sea storms, is both dramatic and fragile, reminding visitors of nature’s power and impermanence. The stack is accessible via a short walk from the nearby car park, which is situated among remnants of WWII coastal defense structures.

Layers of History and Folklore

Yesnaby’s landscape is steeped in human history and legend. The area was a strategic coastal defense site during both World Wars, with surviving brick buildings from an anti-aircraft battery still visible. Folklore speaks of the “Yesnaby Healer,” a woman reputed to stop bleeding at a distance through sheer willpower. Nearby archaeological sites like the Broch of Borwick and the Neolithic village of Skara Brae connect visitors to ancient Orkney cultures, enriching the sense of place with stories spanning millennia.

Visitor Experience and Natural Ambience

Visitors to Yesnaby can enjoy expansive, wild coastal walks with panoramic views of the sea and cliffs. The landscape is a blend of spongey grass atop layered sandstone, sharp geos, and rocky inlets. The fresh sea air carries scents of salt and earth, while the soundscape includes crashing waves and seabird calls. This setting creates a uniquely Orcadian atmosphere—wild, tranquil, and timeless. It’s a favored spot for photographers, nature lovers, and those seeking a peaceful connection with rugged coastal beauty.

Conservation and Accessibility

Yesnaby is part of Orkney’s treasured natural heritage, with efforts to preserve its geological and ecological integrity. The area is accessible year-round, though weather can be brisk and changeable. The walking terrain is mostly gentle but uneven, requiring sturdy footwear. Facilities are limited to a basic car park and informational signage near the site. Visitors are encouraged to respect the environment and historic remains, ensuring this dramatic landscape endures for future generations.

Capturing the Spirit of Orkney’s West Coast

Yesnaby embodies the wild spirit of Orkney’s western shores—a place where ancient earth, sea, and human history converge. From the fossil-rich cliffs to the iconic sea stack and wartime relics, it offers a layered experience that is both visually stunning and intellectually enriching. Whether bathed in sunlight or storm-swept, Yesnaby leaves a lasting impression as a natural and cultural landmark of Scotland’s northern isles.