Boarstall Tower: A Majestic 14th-Century Moated Gatehouse in Buckinghamshire
Explore Boarstall Tower, a stunning 14th-century moated gatehouse steeped in medieval legend and civil war history, set in serene Buckinghamshire gardens.
Boarstall Tower is a remarkable 14th-century moated gatehouse located near Bicester, Buckinghamshire. Built in 1312 by John de Haudlo under a royal license to fortify his manor, it served as a defensive stronghold and later a garrison during the English Civil War. Today, it stands as a well-preserved National Trust property surrounded by beautifully restored gardens, offering visitors a glimpse into medieval architecture and turbulent history.
A brief summary to National Trust - Boarstall Tower
- Boarstall Tower, Bicester, HP18 9UX, GB
- +441280817156
- Visit website
- Duration: 1 to 2 hours
- Mid ranged
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Outdoor
- Mobile reception: 4 out of 5
Local tips
- Visit during summer months when the tower is open on select dates for guided tours to fully appreciate its history and architecture.
- Take time to explore the formal gardens and moat surrounding the tower, which reflect the site's 17th-century landscaping.
- Look for the visible cannon damage above the tower entrance, a tangible reminder of the English Civil War battles.
- Combine your visit with nearby historic sites in Buckinghamshire for a rich cultural day trip.
For the on-the-go comforts that matter to you
- Restrooms
- Seating Areas
- Information Boards
Getting There
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Train and Bus
Take a train to Bicester North station from London Marylebone or Oxford, with journey times between 40 to 60 minutes. From Bicester, catch a local bus or taxi for a 15-20 minute ride to Boarstall Tower. Bus services are infrequent, so check schedules in advance. Taxi fares typically range from £15 to £25.
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Car
Driving from central Bicester takes approximately 20 minutes via local roads. Parking near Boarstall Tower is limited and may require parking in designated village areas with a short walk to the site. Some narrow lanes require cautious driving.
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Walking
For active visitors, a countryside walk from nearby villages such as Boarstall or Oakley offers a scenic 30-45 minute route on rural paths. Terrain is mostly flat but may be muddy after rain; suitable footwear recommended.
National Trust - Boarstall Tower location weather suitability
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Any Weather
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Rain / Wet Weather
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Clear Skies
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Mild Temperatures
Discover more about National Trust - Boarstall Tower
Medieval Origins and Architectural Significance
Boarstall Tower was constructed in 1312 after John de Haudlo received a license from King Edward II to crenellate his manor house, transforming it into a fortified gatehouse. This imposing structure, surrounded by a moat, was designed to protect the manor and assert the lord's status. The tower’s exterior has remained largely unchanged since the late 17th century, preserving its medieval character. Originally accessed by a drawbridge, the entrance was later replaced by a wooden bridge in the early 1600s. The tower's robust stone walls, crenellations, and strategic position make it a fine example of medieval military architecture adapted for residential use.Legend and Early History
The name "Boarstall" derives from an Old English term meaning 'Boar House,' linked to a local legend of a man named Neil who slew a fierce wild boar in Bernwood Forest. As a reward, King Edward the Confessor granted him land and a horn from the beast, said to bestow lordship over the manor to its possessor. Historical records from 1265 show the manor’s owner was the keeper of Bernwood Forest, reinforcing the legend’s roots. Over centuries, the manor evolved, with the tower remaining the principal surviving structure after the main house was demolished in 1778.Role in the English Civil War
Boarstall Tower played a pivotal role during the English Civil War. In 1643, Royalists fortified it as a garrison to defend their stronghold at Oxford. The tower changed hands multiple times between Royalist and Parliamentarian forces. Notably, Colonel Henry Gage recaptured it for the Royalists in 1644 after heavy cannon fire, forcing Penelope, Lady Dynham, the resident, to flee in disguise. Parliamentarian forces, led by Sir Thomas Fairfax, unsuccessfully attacked in 1645 but succeeded in 1646 after an 18-hour siege. Despite the conflict, the tower sustained limited visible damage, with some cannon marks still evident above its entrance.Later History and Preservation
Following the demolition of the main manor house in the late 18th century, the tower fell into disuse until 1925 when Mrs. Bramley Jennings rescued it from dereliction, converting it into a home and restoring parts of the structure. The surrounding gardens were also reconstructed, reflecting the formal 17th-century layout. In 1941, philanthropist Ernest Cook purchased the tower and donated it to the National Trust in 1943, ensuring its preservation. The National Trust undertook further restoration work in the late 1990s and has since maintained the site as a heritage attraction.Gardens and Landscape Setting
Boarstall Tower is set within charming gardens featuring a moat and formal landscaping dating back to the 17th century. The gardens complement the medieval architecture, with pathways and greenery that evoke the historical ambiance of the manor’s heyday. Excavations and restoration efforts have enhanced the gardens’ authenticity, making them an integral part of the visitor experience. The site’s tranquil setting amidst the Buckinghamshire countryside adds to its appeal as a peaceful historic retreat.Visitor Experience and Cultural Importance
Today, Boarstall Tower offers visitors a unique opportunity to explore a rare surviving medieval gatehouse with rich historical layers from legend to civil war. The National Trust opens the tower on select summer dates, providing guided tours that illuminate its architectural features and dramatic past. The site’s combination of history, architecture, and natural beauty makes it a significant cultural heritage landmark in Buckinghamshire, cherished for its storytelling and preservation of England’s medieval legacy.Iconic landmarks you can’t miss
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For the vibe & atmosphere seeker
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For the eco-conscious traveler
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For the kind of experience you’re after
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For how adventurous you want the journey to be
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Location Audience
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