Background

Fort Smith National Historic Site: Frontier Justice and Remembrance

Explore frontier justice, military history, and Native American heritage at this significant National Historic Site in Fort Smith, Arkansas.

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Explore the tumultuous history of the American frontier at Fort Smith National Historic Site, where two military forts, a federal courthouse, and jails stand as testaments to the struggle for law and order in the 19th-century Indian Territory. Walk the grounds where soldiers, outlaws, and Native Americans once stood, and delve into the legacy of Judge Isaac C. Parker, the 'Hanging Judge'.

A brief summary to Fort Smith National Historic Site

  • Monday 9 am-5 pm
  • Tuesday 9 am-5 pm
  • Wednesday 9 am-5 pm
  • Thursday 9 am-5 pm
  • Friday 9 am-5 pm
  • Saturday 9 am-5 pm
  • Sunday 9 am-5 pm

Local tips

  • Start your visit at the Visitor Center to get an overview of the site's history and plan your exploration.
  • Wear comfortable shoes, as you'll be doing a fair amount of walking between the different historical areas.
  • Take time to walk the Trail of Tears Overlook for a poignant reflection on this tragic period.
  • Check the park's schedule for ranger-led tours and living history demonstrations to enhance your experience.
  • Visit in the spring to see the blooming redbud trees, or in the winter for a quieter, more reflective experience.
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Getting There

  • Walking

    From the Fort Smith Museum of History, head east on Rogers Avenue toward N 3rd Street. Turn left onto N 3rd Street, then turn right onto Parker Avenue. The Fort Smith National Historic Site will be on your left. The walk is approximately 0.6 miles and should take about 12 minutes. There is no cost associated with walking.

  • Public Transport

    From the downtown area, you can utilize Fort Smith Transit. Several fixed routes operate in the city, with the Transfer Station located on Garrison Avenue. Check the specific route schedules and stops to determine the best option for reaching the historic site. A single ride fare is typically around $1.25.

  • Taxi/Ride-share

    From the Fort Smith Regional Airport (FSM), a taxi or ride-share service like Uber or Lyft will take you to the Fort Smith National Historic Site in approximately 10-15 minutes, depending on traffic. The typical cost is estimated to be between $15 and $25. Note that prices may vary depending on demand and time of day.

  • Driving

    From I-540, take the Garrison Avenue exit and head east. Follow Garrison Avenue into downtown Fort Smith. Turn right onto N 3rd Street, then turn right onto Parker Avenue. The Fort Smith National Historic Site will be on your left. Parking is available on-site. Downtown parking meter rates are $0.50/hour on Garrison Ave and $0.25/40 minutes on downtown side streets.

Unlock the Best of Fort Smith National Historic Site

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Discover more about Fort Smith National Historic Site

Fort Smith National Historic Site, located on the Arkansas River in downtown Fort Smith, Arkansas, preserves a crucial chapter in American history. From 1817 to 1896, this site served as a military outpost, a center for relations with Native American tribes, and the seat of the United States District Court for the Western District of Arkansas, which had jurisdiction over the Indian Territory. The site encompasses the remains of two military forts. The first fort, established in 1817, aimed to maintain peace between the Osage and Cherokee tribes. By 1824, the fort was abandoned. The second fort was constructed in 1838 and operated until 1871. Visitors can explore the foundations of the first fort and the still-standing commissary building of the second fort. A key feature of the site is the Federal Court, particularly the courtroom of Judge Isaac C. Parker. Parker presided over the court from 1875 to 1896, earning the moniker 'Hanging Judge' for his strict enforcement of the law. The exhibits delve into the complex history of law and order in the Indian Territory, the stories of the outlaws brought before the court, and the impact of the court's decisions on the region. The site also acknowledges the Trail of Tears, as Fort Smith was a major stopover point during the forced removal of several Native American tribes from their ancestral homelands. A walking trail along the Arkansas River features exhibits that recount this tragic chapter in American history. Today, visitors can explore the visitor center located in the former barracks/courthouse/jail building. The park offers paved, accessible paths to the various historical sites.

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