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Fort Smith National Historic Site: Frontier Justice and the Trail of Tears

Explore frontier justice, military history, and the Trail of Tears at this significant National Historic Site in Fort Smith, Arkansas.

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Explore the tumultuous history of the American West at Fort Smith National Historic Site, where the legacy of frontier justice under Judge Isaac Parker intersects with the poignant Trail of Tears. See the remains of two military forts, Judge Parker's courtroom, and the infamous 'Hell on the Border' jail, all set against the backdrop of the Arkansas River.

A brief summary to Fort Smith National Historic Site

Local tips

  • Start your visit at the Visitor Center to get an overview of the site's history and plan your tour.
  • Wear comfortable shoes, as you'll be doing a lot of walking on paved trails.
  • Allow at least 45 minutes to tour the exhibits inside the Visitor Center.
  • Visit in the spring or fall for pleasant weather.
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Getting There

  • Driving

    From I-40 Eastbound, exit at Roland and drive six miles on Highway 64 to downtown Fort Smith. From I-40 Westbound and North I-540, take I-40 Westbound to I-540 South, then exit west on Rogers Avenue and continue to downtown. In the downtown area, turn south on 4th Street from Rogers or Garrison Avenue, then turn right onto Garland Avenue. The entrance to the main parking lot is at the end of the block. Parking is free in the main lot and along 3rd Street.

  • Public Transport

    Fort Smith Transit provides public transportation within the city. Several fixed routes serve the downtown area. From the Fort Smith Transit Transfer Station on Garrison Avenue, the historic site is a short ride away. Check the RouteShout 2.0 app for real-time bus tracking and schedules. A single ride fare is around $1.25.

  • Walking

    From downtown Fort Smith, the National Historic Site is within walking distance. From Garrison Avenue, walk south on 3rd or 4th Street, then follow the signs to the site. The walk is approximately 10-15 minutes, depending on your starting point.

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Discover more about Fort Smith National Historic Site

Fort Smith National Historic Site, located in downtown Fort Smith, Arkansas, preserves a crucial chapter in American history. Established in 1961, the site encompasses the remains of two 19th-century military forts and the Federal Court for the Western District of Arkansas, offering a glimpse into frontier life, law enforcement, and the tragic Trail of Tears. The original Fort Smith, founded in 1817, served to maintain peace between the Osage and Cherokee tribes. By 1824, the fort was abandoned, but it was re-established in 1836 to provide supplies during the forced removal of Southeastern tribes. The site became a key supply depot and rallying point, especially during the Mexican War. Visitors can explore the foundations of the 1817 fort, walk along the Trail of Tears overlook on the Arkansas River, and view the oldest building in Fort Smith, the commissary. The park's visitor center is located in the former barracks/courthouse/jail building, where exhibits detail the fort's military history, the Trail of Tears, and the story of Judge Isaac C. Parker's court. Parker's courtroom and the reconstructed gallows evoke the era of frontier justice, where many outlaws met their fate. The site offers a somber yet vital lesson in American history, highlighting the complexities of westward expansion and its impact on Native American populations.

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