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Cairo Citadel: A Historic Fortress Above the City

Explore the Cairo Citadel: a historic fortress with mosques, museums, and panoramic views of Cairo. A UNESCO World Heritage Site.

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The Cairo Citadel, also known as the Citadel of Saladin, is a medieval Islamic fortification in Cairo, Egypt. Built in the 12th century by Saladin, it served as the seat of government and residence of Egyptian rulers for nearly 700 years. Today, it's a UNESCO World Heritage Site offering stunning views and a glimpse into Egypt's rich history.

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Local tips

  • Wear comfortable shoes, as you'll be doing a lot of walking on uneven surfaces.
  • Visit early in the morning to avoid crowds and the midday heat, especially during summer.
  • Dress modestly, especially when visiting the mosques (shoulders and knees covered).
  • Allocate at least 3-4 hours to explore the Citadel fully, including its mosques and museums.
  • Check the opening hours, especially during Ramadan, as they may vary.
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Getting There

  • Taxi

    Taxis and ride-sharing services like Uber and Careem are readily available throughout Cairo. Simply enter 'Cairo Citadel' or 'Citadel of Saladin' as your destination. A taxi ride from downtown Cairo to the Citadel typically costs around EGP 20-30, depending on traffic and distance. Be sure to negotiate the fare beforehand or check the estimated fare on your ride-sharing app.

  • Public Transport

    Take the Cairo Metro to the Sadat station (Tahrir Square). From there, you can take a taxi or a bus. If taking a bus, look for one that goes towards Al-Hussein Mosque or the Islamic Cairo area, and ask the driver to drop you near the Citadel. Bus fare is typically very affordable, costing only a few Egyptian pounds. Keep in mind that Cairo traffic can be heavy, especially during peak hours.

  • Walking

    If you are already in the Islamic Cairo area, you can walk to the Citadel, though it's an uphill climb. From Al-Azhar Mosque, head east towards the Citadel. The walk takes approximately 20-30 minutes, depending on your pace. Be prepared for some steep inclines as you approach the Citadel.

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Perched atop the Mokattam Hills, the Cairo Citadel dominates Cairo's skyline and offers panoramic views of the city. Constructed by Saladin between 1176 and 1183 AD, the Citadel was designed to protect Cairo from Crusader attacks and establish a secure governmental center. The initial construction was completed during the reign of Sultan al-Adil I in the early 13th century, marking the Citadel as the official residence for Egypt's rulers for nearly seven centuries. Over the centuries, the Citadel underwent significant development, particularly during the Mamluk Sultanate and under Muhammad Ali Pasha in the 19th century. Muhammad Ali Pasha demolished many older structures to erect new palaces and monuments, including the iconic Mosque of Muhammad Ali, also known as the Alabaster Mosque. Today, the Citadel comprises a blend of Islamic architectural styles, featuring mosques, museums, and historic sites. Key landmarks within the Citadel include the Mosque of Muhammad Ali, the Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque, and the Egyptian National Military Museum. The Mosque of Muhammad Ali, with its Ottoman-style architecture and towering minarets, is a prominent feature. The Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque showcases a fusion of architectural styles and intricate decorations. The Egyptian National Military Museum displays exhibits illustrating the history of the Egyptian military forces. Visitors can also explore the Royal Carriages Museum and the Police Museum, each offering unique insights into Egyptian history and culture. The Citadel's strategic location and design made it a formidable defensive structure, and it remained the heart of the Egyptian government until the mid-19th century. In 1979, UNESCO recognized the Citadel as part of the World Heritage Site of Historic Cairo.

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