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Cairo Citadel: A Historic Fortress Above Cairo

Explore the Cairo Citadel: a medieval fortress with mosques, museums, and panoramic views of Cairo's rich history.

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The Cairo Citadel, also known as the Citadel of Saladin, is a medieval Islamic fortification built in the 12th century by Saladin to protect Cairo from Crusader attacks. For 700 years, it served as the seat of government in Egypt. Today, it's a UNESCO World Heritage Site offering stunning views and a glimpse into Egypt's rich history.

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Local tips

  • Wear comfortable shoes, as you'll be doing a lot of walking on uneven surfaces.
  • Visit early in the morning to avoid crowds and the heat, especially during summer.
  • Dress modestly when visiting the mosques (shoulders and knees covered).
  • Check the opening hours of the museums and mosques beforehand.
  • Carry water and sunscreen, as there is limited shade.
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Getting There

  • Taxi

    Taxis and ride-sharing services like Uber or Careem are readily available throughout Cairo. Simply enter 'Cairo Citadel' or 'Citadel of Saladin' as your destination. A taxi ride from downtown Cairo typically takes 5-10 minutes, depending on traffic. Expect to pay around EGP 30-50 for the ride.

  • Public Transport

    Take the Cairo Metro to the Sadat station (Tahrir Square). From there, you can take a taxi or a bus to the Citadel. If taking a bus, look for one that goes towards Al-Hussein Mosque or the Islamic Cairo area, and ask the driver to drop you near the Citadel. Bus fare is approximately EGP 5. A taxi from the metro station to the Citadel will cost around EGP 20-30.

  • Walking

    If you are near Islamic Cairo, it is possible to walk to the Citadel. Be prepared for an uphill walk. From Al-Azhar Mosque, it's approximately a 30-40 minute walk. Follow the main roads leading towards the Mokattam hills, keeping the Citadel visible in the distance as your guide.

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Perched atop the Mokattam hills, the Cairo Citadel is a commanding presence overlooking the city. Built by Salah al-Din (Saladin) between 1176 and 1183 AD, the Citadel was designed to defend Cairo from potential Crusader attacks and to serve as the center of government. Its location provided a strategic advantage, offering panoramic views of Cairo. For nearly 700 years, the Citadel was the seat of Egyptian rulers. It witnessed significant events in Egyptian history, from its construction during the Ayyubid dynasty to the end of the Muhammad Ali dynasty in the 19th century. Khedive Ismail moved the official residence to Abdeen Palace in downtown Cairo in the mid-19th century. In 1983, it was opened to the public. Inside the Citadel, visitors can explore a number of landmarks, including the Mosque of Muhammad Ali, also known as the Alabaster Mosque, built in the 19th century. The Al-Nasir Muhammad Mosque, dating back to 1318, is another significant mosque within the Citadel. The complex also houses museums such as the Egyptian National Military Museum, the Police Museum, and the Royal Carriage Museum. The Citadel is a testament to Islamic military architecture, with its massive walls, towers, and gates. It offers visitors a chance to step back in time and experience the grandeur of medieval Cairo.

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