Best Attractions in Franconia
Planning a trip to Franconia? Discover the best attractions in Franconia with history, expert tips, and routes. Free on web or the Evendo app.
The best attractions in Franconia
- Top rated
- Closest to the centre
- A–Z
72 attractions
-
Historical landmark4.7★16,951 reviews
Old Main Bridge
The Old Main Bridge in Würzburg is a stunning historical landmark that offers breathtaking views of the city and the river, perfect for leisurely strolls and memorable photos.
Open 24 hours
-
Museum4.4★15,890 reviews
Documentation Center Nazi Party Rally Grounds
Explore the Documentation Center Nazi Party Rally Grounds in Nuremberg, a profound museum that delves into the historical significance of the Nazi regime, offering an insightful and educational experience for all visitors.
Daily 10:00–18:00
-
Historical landmark4.7★8,031 reviews
Altes Rathaus
The Altes Rathaus, perched on an island in the serene Regnitz River, is a stunning historical landmark in Bamberg, Germany. This architectural marvel, adorned with intricate frescoes and a striking half-timbered design, is a must-see for tourists seeking to immerse themselves in the city's rich history and culture. Visitors can marvel at its picturesque setting while exploring the charming surrounding streets filled with quaint shops and cafes.
-
Amusement park4.4★8,552 reviews
Freizeit-Land Geiselwind
Freizeit-Land Geiselwind is a vibrant amusement park that offers a perfect blend of thrilling rides, enchanting animal exhibits, and family-friendly attractions, making it an ideal destination for tourists of all ages. Located in the scenic town of Geiselwind, this amusement park guarantees an unforgettable day of adventure and fun.
-
Castle4.6★6,065 reviews
Johannisburg Palace
Johannisburg Palace, an architectural marvel in Aschaffenburg, invites tourists to explore its rich history, stunning gardens, and captivating museum exhibits. Experience the charm of this historic castle, which stands as a testament to the Renaissance era.
Tue–Sun 10:00–16:00
-
Historical landmark4.7★5,253 reviews
Plönlein
Plönlein is a picturesque landmark in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, known for its stunning medieval architecture and charming atmosphere. This iconic spot is a must-visit for tourists seeking to experience the enchanting beauty of this historic town.
Open 24 hours
-
Amusement park4.5★5,686 reviews
Erlebnispark Schloss Thurn
Erlebnispark Schloss Thurn is a captivating amusement park in Heroldsbach, Germany, offering a range of thrilling rides and activities for visitors of all ages. Experience the excitement of roller coasters, family-friendly attractions, and enchanting shows while enjoying a day filled with fun and laughter.
Daily 10:00–18:00
-
Open air museum4.7★4,215 reviews
Franconian Open Air Museum Bad Windsheim
The Franconian Open Air Museum in Bad Windsheim is a captivating destination where history comes alive. This expansive museum showcases traditional Franconian architecture, rural life, and cultural heritage in a stunning outdoor setting. Tourists will find authentic buildings, interactive exhibits, and beautiful landscapes that provide a glimpse into the region's past, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts and families alike.
Daily 9:00–18:00
-
History museum4.4★4,748 reviews
Medieval Crime Museum
Step into a fascinating world of medieval justice at the Medieval Crime Museum in Rothenburg ob der Tauber. This unique museum offers a deep dive into the dark side of history, showcasing the legal practices, punishments, and tools used in medieval Europe. Perfect for history enthusiasts and curious travelers alike, it's an unmissable attraction in this charming town.
Mon–Fri 11:00–16:00 · Sat–Sun 11:00–17:00
-
Historical landmark4.6★4,206 reviews
Ronneburg Castle
Ronneburg Castle is a majestic historical landmark and museum, offering visitors a glimpse into the region's rich heritage. Nestled atop a hill, this stunning castle provides breathtaking views and engaging exhibitions.
Tue–Sun 11:00–17:00
Castle and Gardens Weikersheim
Weikersheim Castle, with its stunning gardens and rich history, offers tourists a delightful glimpse into the past. This charming destination in Germany blends architectural beauty with lush landscapes, making it a must-visit for anyone exploring the region.
Tue–Sun 10:00–17:00
Plassen Castle
Nestled atop a hill, Plassen Castle in Kulmbach is a historical marvel that invites tourists to explore its rich architecture, stunning views, and captivating stories. This castle, dating back to the 16th century, serves as a remarkable testament to the region's history, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts and casual travelers alike.
Daily 9:00–18:00
Schwarzach-Durchbruch
Nestled in the lush landscapes of Schwarzenbruck, Schwarzach-Durchbruch offers breathtaking hiking trails, picturesque views, and a tranquil atmosphere. Ideal for nature lovers and adventure seekers, this nature preserve captivates visitors with its scenic beauty and diverse flora and fauna. Explore winding paths along the river, and unwind in charming beer gardens that enhance your outdoor experience.
Open 24 hours
Schlossgarten Erlangen
Schlossgarten Erlangen is a picturesque garden that invites tourists to unwind amidst its lush landscapes, historical architecture, and tranquil ambience. A perfect retreat for nature lovers and history enthusiasts alike.
Daily 6:00–21:00
Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt
Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt is a captivating destination for art enthusiasts and history buffs alike, showcasing a diverse collection of works from various periods and styles. Located in the heart of Darmstadt, this museum offers an enriching experience that combines local historical narratives with modern artistic expressions, making it a must-visit for any tourist.
Black Moor
The Black Moor is a serene national reserve that invites tourists to immerse themselves in unspoiled nature. With its diverse ecosystem, scenic trails, and tranquil ambiance, it is a perfect escape for nature lovers and wildlife enthusiasts alike. Discover the rich flora and fauna as you stroll through lush landscapes, making unforgettable memories in this stunning natural sanctuary.
Daily 6:00–21:00
Pompejanum
Pompejanum is a stunning replica of a Roman villa located in Aschaffenburg, Germany. Nestled amidst beautiful gardens, this architectural gem offers a glimpse into ancient Roman life and culture, making it a must-visit for tourists exploring the region.
Tue–Sun 10:00–16:00
Castle Garden
Castle Garden in Rothenburg ob der Tauber offers a picturesque retreat, blending rich history with natural beauty. Perfect for leisurely strolls, this park is a must-visit for tourists seeking serenity and stunning views.
Open 24 hours
Franconian Open Air Museum Fladungen
Nestled in the scenic landscapes of Fladungen, the Franconian Open Air Museum invites tourists to explore the rich cultural heritage of the region. With meticulously preserved buildings and engaging exhibits, it offers a unique glimpse into the past. Visitors can enjoy interactive demonstrations, traditional crafts, and seasonal events, making it a delightful experience for all ages.
Daily 9:00–18:00
Blade Gate
Discover the historic Blade Gate in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, a stunning example of medieval architecture that offers tourists a glimpse into the city's rich past. This iconic landmark, part of the city's fortifications, stands as a testament to the architectural prowess of the era, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts and casual travelers alike.
Open 24 hours
Colmberg Castle
Colmberg Castle, a magnificent medieval fortress in Germany, offers a unique blend of history, fine dining, and stunning views. Ideal for tourists seeking a captivating experience.
Lorsch Abbey
Lorsch Abbey, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a captivating historical monastery that invites tourists to explore its rich heritage and stunning architecture. Located in the charming town of Lorsch, Germany, this site is not only a testament to the Carolingian period but also a serene retreat for visitors seeking to immerse themselves in history. With well-preserved structures, lush gardens, and informative exhibits, Lorsch Abbey offers a unique glimpse into the past, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts and casual travelers alike.
Town Hall
Rothenburg ob der Tauber's Town Hall is a remarkable historical landmark that showcases stunning architecture and rich history. Tourists can explore its fascinating interiors and enjoy breathtaking views from the tower.
Open 24 hours
Neideck Castle
Nestled in the stunning landscapes of Wiesenttal, Neideck Castle offers tourists a rich blend of history, breathtaking views, and outdoor adventure. This historic site is a must-see for anyone exploring the region, combining the allure of medieval architecture with the beauty of nature. Whether you're hiking through the surrounding area or simply soaking up the views from the castle's vantage point, Neideck promises an unforgettable experience.
Open 24 hours
Giechburg
Nestled atop a hill, Giechburg is a stunning medieval castle offering visitors breathtaking views and a rich history that seamlessly blends adventure and culture. Explore its ancient walls and immerse yourself in the enchanting surroundings of Scheßlitz.
Wed–Sun 10:00–18:00
Gößweinstein Castle
Gößweinstein Castle is a stunning historical landmark nestled in the scenic landscape of Bavaria, Germany. This captivating castle offers breathtaking views, rich history, and a charming beer garden, making it a must-visit for tourists seeking both culture and relaxation.
Mon–Tue 10:00–18:00 · Thu–Sun 10:00–18:00
Bing Cave
Discover the mesmerizing beauty of Bing Cave, a stunning natural wonder in Wiesenttal, where breathtaking rock formations and tranquil underground rivers await adventurous tourists. Perfect for nature lovers and explorers alike, this scenic spot offers an unforgettable experience for all who visit.
Daily 10:00–17:00
Tennenloher Forest
Tennenloher Forest is a stunning nature preserve located in the heart of Germany. This tranquil woodland paradise invites tourists to explore its scenic trails, diverse flora, and fauna. Perfect for leisurely strolls or invigorating hikes, the forest offers a sanctuary for nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts alike. With its enchanting landscapes and serene atmosphere, Tennenloher Forest is a must-visit destination for anyone looking to connect with nature during their travels.
Open 24 hours
Ansbach Residence
Ansbach Residence is a stunning historical castle nestled in the heart of Ansbach, Germany, offering visitors a glimpse into the opulence of the past with its beautiful architecture, lush gardens, and fascinating museum exhibits that celebrate the region's rich heritage.
Tue–Sun 9:00–18:00
Schloss Greifenstein
Nestled in the picturesque hills of Heiligenstadt, Schloss Greifenstein is a splendid medieval castle that offers breathtaking views, rich history, and delightful hiking trails. This historic gem invites tourists to explore its charming architecture and enjoy the serene surroundings, making it an ideal destination for history buffs and nature lovers alike.
Daily 9:00–11:15, 13:30–16:45
St. Jakobskirche
St. Jakobskirche is a stunning Evangelical church in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, known for its impressive architecture, rich history, and breathtaking stained glass windows. A must-see for every tourist!
Streitburg Castle
Streitburg Castle, a remarkable historical landmark nestled in the scenic Wiesenttal region, offers tourists a captivating glimpse into the past. Surrounded by lush greenery and breathtaking hiking trails, this medieval castle promises an unforgettable experience for history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike, making it a must-visit destination for travelers exploring Germany.
Open 24 hours
Industriemuseum Lauf
The Industriemuseum Lauf is a captivating museum in Lauf an der Pegnitz, showcasing the rich industrial heritage of the region. Its engaging exhibits, family-friendly atmosphere, and accessible location make it a must-visit for tourists.
Wed–Sun 11:00–17:00
Oswaldhöhle
Discover the enchanting Oswaldhöhle, a breathtaking hiking area in Wiesenttal, where nature's beauty and adventure await you. Explore stunning landscapes and ancient caves.
Open 24 hours
Fränkische Schweiz-Museum
Nestled in the picturesque region of Pottenstein, the Fränkische Schweiz-Museum offers a captivating glimpse into the local history and culture. This museum showcases a variety of exhibits, from traditional crafts to natural history, making it an ideal stop for tourists seeking to immerse themselves in the region's heritage.
Daily 10:00–17:00
Burg Rabeneck
Burg Rabeneck, nestled in the scenic countryside of Germany, is a captivating castle that offers tourists a glimpse into medieval history, breathtaking views, and beautiful gardens. Its intricate architecture and surrounding natural beauty make it a must-visit for anyone traveling through the region.
Lower Franconian Museum
The Lower Franconian Museum, located in the historic Festung Marienberg, offers visitors a deep dive into the rich cultural heritage and history of the Lower Franconia region. With its extensive collection of art and artifacts, it's a must-visit for any tourist.
Tue–Sun 10:00–17:00
Herrgottskirche
Nestled in the scenic town of Creglingen, Herrgottskirche stands as a testament to the rich history and architectural beauty of the region. This Evangelical church, renowned for its stunning Gothic architecture, draws visitors from around the globe, eager to experience its serene ambiance and intricate artistry. With its impressive altar and captivating stained glass windows, Herrgottskirche invites both reflection and admiration, making it a must-visit destination for tourists seeking cultural enrichment and historical insight.
Sat–Sun 13:00–16:00
Rothenburg Museum
The Rothenburg Museum is a captivating destination for tourists seeking to immerse themselves in the rich history and culture of Rothenburg ob der Tauber. Housed in a beautifully preserved historical building, the museum offers a glimpse into the town's medieval past through its extensive exhibits and collections. Visitors can explore artifacts, artworks, and displays that narrate the story of this charming town, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike.
Daily 10:00–16:00
Teufelsloch
Teufelsloch, a captivating hiking area in Upper Franconia, offers stunning natural beauty and adventure for tourists. Ideal for families and outdoor enthusiasts, the area promises unforgettable experiences amidst lush landscapes and breathtaking views.
Tue–Sun open 24 hours
Franconian Brewery Museum Bamberg
Immerse yourself in the fascinating world of beer at the Franconian Brewery Museum in Bamberg, where history, craftsmanship, and tradition come together. This museum offers an enlightening journey through the art of brewing, showcasing the region's rich beer culture and historical significance.
Wed–Fri 13:00–17:00 · Sat–Sun 11:00–17:00
Gustav-Adolf-Höhle
Nestled in the picturesque landscape of Schwarzenbruck, the Gustav-Adolf-Höhle offers an exceptional hiking experience with stunning natural formations and a rich history. Perfect for outdoor enthusiasts seeking adventure and beauty.
Open 24 hours
Quackenschloss Cave
Nestled in the picturesque Wiesenttal, Quackenschloss Cave is a natural wonder that invites tourists to explore its stunning formations, perfect for adventurers and nature lovers alike. This breathtaking site offers a unique blend of geological beauty and rich history, making it a must-visit for anyone traveling through the region. Whether you are hiking the scenic trails that lead to the cave or marveling at its intricate stalactites and stalagmites, Quackenschloss Cave promises an unforgettable experience immersed in nature's artistry.
Open 24 hours
Stiftsbasilika St. Peter und Alexander
Nestled in the heart of Aschaffenburg, the Stiftsbasilika St. Peter und Alexander stands as a testament to the region's rich history and architectural beauty. This magnificent Catholic church is not only a place of worship but also a captivating tourist attraction, drawing visitors from around the globe who come to admire its stunning architecture and serene ambiance. With intricate designs and historical significance, it's a must-visit for any traveler exploring Aschaffenburg.
Wolfsberg Castle
Wolfsberg Castle, perched atop a scenic hill in Obertrubach, is a historical gem that offers breathtaking views and a glimpse into the region's rich past. Ideal for hiking enthusiasts and history buffs alike, this landmark is a must-visit for anyone exploring the area.
Open 24 hours
Burg Lauterburg
Burg Lauterburg, a stunning historical landmark nestled in Rödenal, invites tourists to explore its rich history and breathtaking architecture. This magnificent castle offers an enchanting glimpse into the past, surrounded by lush greenery and picturesque landscapes. Visitors can immerse themselves in the castle's storied past while enjoying the serene beauty of the surrounding area, making it a must-visit destination in Germany.
Toppler Castle
Toppler Castle, a stunning museum and tourist attraction in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, invites visitors to explore its rich history and breathtaking architecture. Nestled in a picturesque setting, the castle offers an unforgettable journey into the past.
Jewish Museum of Franconia in Fuerth
The Jewish Museum of Franconia in Fuerth is a captivating destination for tourists keen to explore the rich Jewish heritage of the region. This museum offers an insightful glimpse into Jewish life, culture, and history, making it a must-visit for anyone interested in understanding the profound impact of Jewish communities in Franconia. With its engaging exhibits and historical significance, the museum invites you to reflect on the past while appreciating the vibrant tapestry of Jewish culture.
Tue–Sun 10:00–17:00
White Tower
The White Tower, an iconic historical landmark in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, offers breathtaking views and a glimpse into the rich history of this medieval town. Climb the tower to uncover its fascinating stories and enjoy panoramic views of the picturesque landscape.
Open 24 hours
St George Fountain
St. George Fountain is a stunning historical landmark located in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Germany. This picturesque fountain, adorned with intricate sculptures, serves as a focal point in the charming town square, drawing visitors into its rich history and beautiful architecture.
Open 24 hours
Schönsteinhöhle
Schönsteinhöhle, nestled in the picturesque Wiesenttal, is a hiker's dream come true. With breathtaking landscapes and serene trails, it invites adventurers to explore its natural beauty and tranquil surroundings.
Open 24 hours
Hessische Staatsweingüter GmbH, domain Bergstraße
Hessische Staatsweingüter GmbH, located in Heppenheim, is a premier winery that invites tourists to indulge in exquisite wines, picturesque landscapes, and rich history. Experience the essence of the Bergstraße wine region.
Daily 11:00–19:00
Herrnbrunnen
Nestled in the heart of Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Herrnbrunnen is an iconic fountain that captivates visitors with its stunning architecture and historical significance. This picturesque landmark is a must-see for tourists seeking to immerse themselves in the town's rich heritage and charm.
Open 24 hours
Museum Church in Franconia Spitalskirche
The Museum Church in Franconia Spitalskirche offers a unique blend of history and spirituality, where visitors can explore its captivating architecture and rich heritage. Nestled in Bad Windsheim, this museum combines religious significance with artistic displays, making it a perfect stop for tourists seeking culture and tranquility in one of Germany’s charming towns.
Daily 10:00–12:30, 13:00–18:00
St. Andreas
St. Andreas is a stunning Catholic church in Ochsenfurt, Germany, known for its breathtaking architecture and rich history. A must-visit for every traveler!
St. Wolfgang
St. Wolfgang, an enchanting Evangelical church nestled in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, invites visitors to explore its rich history and stunning architecture. This captivating tourist attraction embodies the spirit of medieval Germany and offers a serene retreat for travelers seeking cultural and spiritual enrichment.
Fingerhutmuseum
Immerse yourself in the unique world of thimbles at the Fingerhutmuseum, a delightful museum in Creglingen, Germany, showcasing an extraordinary collection of thimbles and their history. This charming destination offers an engaging experience for history buffs and curious tourists alike, making it a must-visit spot in the region.
Tourist-Information der Stadt Büdingen
Nestled in the heart of Büdingen, the Tourist-Information center is your gateway to exploring this enchanting medieval town. With friendly staff and a wealth of resources, you’ll find everything you need to make your visit unforgettable. From brochures on local attractions to personalized advice on hidden gems, this center is an essential stop for any tourist. Whether you're interested in historical sites, cultural events, or outdoor activities, you'll leave with a treasure trove of information to enhance your experience in this picturesque locale.
Mon–Fri 10:00–17:00 · Sat 11:00–15:00
Heunischenburg
Heunischenburg, a captivating historical site in Kronach, Germany, offers visitors a glimpse into the region's rich past. With stunning architecture and breathtaking views, it's a must-visit for history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.
Open 24 hours
Franziskanerkirche
Nestled in the heart of Rothenburg ob der Tauber, the Franziskanerkirche is a breathtaking evangelical church renowned for its stunning architecture and serene atmosphere. Tourists can explore its beautiful interior and experience a slice of history.
Daily 14:00–16:00
Franconian Forest
The Franconian Forest, a breathtaking mountain range in Germany, offers tourists a unique blend of wild nature, charming villages, and outdoor adventures. This stunning destination is perfect for hiking, cycling, and immersing yourself in the serene landscapes of Bavaria.
Karlshöhle
Nestled in the charming landscape of Schwarzenbruck, Karlshöhle is a breathtaking scenic spot that captivates visitors with its stunning natural beauty. Surrounded by lush greenery and picturesque rock formations, it offers an immersive experience for nature lovers, hikers, and photographers alike. As you wander through this enchanting location, you'll find yourself enveloped in tranquility, making it a perfect retreat from the hustle and bustle of city life. Whether you're seeking adventure or simply a peaceful day in nature, Karlshöhle promises to be a memorable escape.
Open 24 hours
Oppidum Steinsburg
Nestled in the picturesque landscape of Römhild, Oppidum Steinsburg is a captivating historical landmark that offers a glimpse into ancient civilization. This site, rich in history and archaeological significance, is perfect for tourists eager to explore the remnants of the past while enjoying breathtaking views of the surrounding countryside.
Open 24 hours
Franconia Fountain
The Franconia Fountain in Würzburg is a stunning tourist attraction that captivates visitors with its intricate design and historical significance. Nestled in the vibrant Altstadt, this fountain is a must-see for anyone exploring the city.
Open 24 hours
Röderturm
Röderturm, a captivating tourist attraction in Rothenburg ob der Tauber, invites visitors to explore its historical significance and architectural beauty. This iconic tower offers panoramic views of the medieval town and serves as a window into the region's rich history. Perfect for history enthusiasts and casual tourists alike, Röderturm is a must-visit destination that enhances any travel itinerary.
Open 24 hours
Fürstenbaumuseum
The Fürstenbaumuseum in Würzburg offers an immersive journey through local history. Nestled within the historic Festung Marienberg, it showcases an array of artifacts and exhibitions that illustrate the region's cultural heritage. Perfect for history enthusiasts and casual visitors alike, this museum provides a fascinating glimpse into the past of Würzburg.
Tue–Sun 10:00–17:00
Weber - Altes Rathaus
Nestled in the heart of Ochsenfurt, Weber - Altes Rathaus is a captivating blend of history and modern taste. This historical landmark, coupled with a delightful coffee shop, offers tourists a unique glimpse into the town's rich culture while indulging in delicious baked goods.
Mon–Sat 6:30–17:00
Jewish Museum Franken
Discover the rich cultural heritage and history of the Jewish community at the Jewish Museum Franken in Schnaittach. This museum offers a deep dive into the educational, historical, and cultural aspects of Jewish life, making it a must-visit for tourists interested in history and culture.
Sat–Sun 12:00–17:00
Naturpark Fränkische Schweiz - Veldensteiner Forst
Naturpark Fränkische Schweiz - Veldensteiner Forst is a breathtaking natural park located near Pottenstein, Germany. This scenic area boasts stunning landscapes, hiking trails, and diverse wildlife, making it a perfect escape for nature lovers and adventure seekers alike.
Open 24 hours
Fränkische Galerie
The Fränkische Galerie in Kronach offers a unique blend of art, history, and culture, making it an essential stop for any tourist. Nestled within the historic Festung Rosenberg, this museum showcases an impressive collection of regional art and heritage. Visitors can explore the rich tapestry of local history and immerse themselves in the stories that shaped the region. With its family-friendly exhibits and engaging displays, the Fränkische Galerie is perfect for art lovers and history enthusiasts alike.
Tue–Sun 9:30–17:30
Palatium Ochsenfurt
Nestled in the charming town of Ochsenfurt, the Palatium offers visitors a glimpse into the rich history and architectural beauty of medieval Germany. This castle is a testament to the region's storied past and is a must-visit for any traveler seeking to experience the allure of ancient fortifications.
Frankfurter Steinbruch
Nestled near Iphofen, the Frankfurter Steinbruch is a captivating tourist attraction known for its natural beauty and geological significance. Explore its stunning rock formations and rich history.
Explore Franconia on the map
A handpicked selection of must-see spots in Franconia, mapped for you.
More about Franconia
Franconia travel guide
Explore Franconia for medieval cities, Main Valley vineyards, brewery villages, Wagnerian Bayreuth and forested walking country in northern Germany.
Tell me more about FranconiaMore to explore in Franconia
Best landmarks in Franconia
Best shops in Franconia
Best bars in Franconia
Best restaurants in Franconia
Best nightclubs in Franconia
Best experiences in Franconia
Best hotels in FranconiaExplore more
Explore more of Germany
Experience Germany: where history meets innovation, and urban energy blends with natural beauty. Discover diverse cultures, delicious cuisine, and stunning landscapes.
Explore Germany
Getting your guide ready…
We are putting together a fresh copy of the Franconia guide. This can take up to a minute.
This can take a few moments. If your browser asks, choose Allow so the download can start. You'll find the guide in your Downloads folder.
Nothing happened? Download it again
Sorry, the guide is taking longer than usual. Please try again in a minute, or get it by email instead.
