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Erbil Citadel: Ancient Heart of Erbil

Explore Erbil Citadel, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the world's oldest continuously inhabited cities, in the heart of Iraqi Kurdistan.

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The Erbil Citadel, also known as Qalat Erbil, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and the historical center of Erbil, dating back to at least the 5th millennium BC. Rising 25 to 32 meters above the surrounding plain, this ancient tell offers a glimpse into the region's long and complex history.

A brief summary to Erbil Citadel

  • Erbil, Municipality One, Erbil Governorate, 44001, IQ
  • Visit website

Local tips

  • Visit during the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat and enjoy the best light for photography.
  • Wear comfortable shoes, as the cobblestone paths can be uneven and require some walking.
  • Don't miss the panoramic views from the top; they offer a breathtaking perspective of Erbil and its surroundings.
  • Take time to explore the small shops and cafes within the citadel for unique local crafts and snacks.
  • Check for any cultural events or festivals happening during your visit to experience Kurdish traditions firsthand.
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Getting There

  • Walking

    From Erbil's city center, the Citadel is approximately a 15-minute walk. Head north, keeping an eye out for the Citadel's towering walls. The Citadel is easily recognizable and a prominent landmark in the city.

  • Taxi

    Taxis are readily available throughout Erbil. A short taxi ride from the city center to the Citadel will typically cost between 3,000 to 5,000 IQD. Agree on the fare before starting your journey. Tell the driver 'Erbil Citadel' or show them the address: Erbil, Erbil Governorate, 44001.

  • Public Transport

    While public transportation within Erbil is not highly developed, minibuses and shared taxis are available. Locals can guide you to the nearest stop where you can catch a ride to the vicinity of the Citadel. The fare should be around 1,000 IQD.

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Discover more about Erbil Citadel

Erbil Citadel, locally known as Qelat, stands as a remarkable testament to human civilization in Iraqi Kurdistan. This ancient city, continuously inhabited for thousands of years, sits on a tell, an archaeological mound formed by successive layers of settlements. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 2014, the Citadel offers visitors a unique journey through time. With settlement possibly dating back to the Neolithic period, Erbil Citadel has been under the control of numerous empires and peoples, including Sumerians, Assyrians, and Ottomans. Throughout its history, the Citadel has been a melting pot of cultures and religions, serving as home to mosques, churches, and synagogues. The existing structures largely reflect Ottoman-era architecture, though archaeological investigations continue to reveal earlier remains. Today, visitors can explore the Citadel's narrow alleyways, historic houses, and various museums, including the Kurdish Textile Museum. The Mulla Afandi Mosque, rebuilt on the site of a 19th-century predecessor, and the recently restored hammam (bathhouse) are among the notable landmarks. Climbing to the highest point of the Citadel provides panoramic views of Erbil, blending the ancient past with the modern city. While exploring, be sure to check out the local markets and tea houses to experience the vibrant culture of the region.

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