The Enchanting Italian Riviera

• HelloCiao
  [chow]
• GoodbyeArrivederci
  [ah-ree-veh-DEHR-chee]
• YesSì
  [see]
• NoNo
  [noh]
• Please/You're welcomePer favore
  [pehr fah-VOH-reh]
• Thank youGrazie
  [GRAH-tsyeh]
• Excuse me/SorryMi scusi
  [mee SKOO-zee]
• How are you?Come stai?
  [koh-meh STAH-ee]
• Fine. And you?Bene. E tu?
  [BEH-neh. eh too?]
• Do you speak English?Parli inglese?
  [PAHR-lee een-GLEH-zeh?]
• I don't understandNon capisco
  [nohn kah-PEES-koh]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseVorrei vedere il menu, per favore
  [vohr-RAY veh-DEH-reh eel MEH-noo, pehr fah-VOH-reh]
• I don't eat meatNon mangio carne
  [nohn MAHN-joh KAR-neh]
• Cheers!Salute!
  [sah-LOO-teh]
• I would like to pay, pleaseVorrei pagare, per favore
  [vohr-RAY pah-GAH-reh, pehr fah-VOH-reh]

• Help!Aiuto!
  [ah-YOO-toh]
• Go away!Vai via!
  [vai VEE-ah!]
• Call the Police!Chiama la polizia!
  [kyah-MAH lah poh-LEE-tsyah!]
• Call a doctor!Chiama un dottore!
  [kyah-MAH oon doh-TOH-reh!]
• I'm lostMi sono perso
  [mee SOH-noh PEHR-soh]
• I'm illSto male
  [stoh MAH-leh]

• I'd like to buy...Vorrei comprare...
  [vohr-RAY kohm-PROH-reh]
• I'm just lookingSto solo guardando
  [stoh SOH-loh gwar-DAHN-doh]
• How much is it?Quanto costa?
  [KWAN-toh KOH-stah?]
• That's too expensiveÈ troppo caro
  [eh TROHP-poh KAH-roh]
• Can you lower the price?Puoi abbassare il prezzo?
  [POO-oh ab-bah-SAH-reh eel PREHT-soh?]

• What time is it?Che ora è?
  [keh OH-rah eh?]
• It's one o'clockÈ l'una
  [eh LOO-nah]
• Half past (10)Sono le dieci e mezza
  [SOH-noh leh DYEH-chee eh MEHTS-zah]
• MorningMattina
  [mah-TEEN-ah]
• AfternoonPomeriggio
  [poh-meh-REE-joh]
• EveningSera
  [SEH-rah]
• YesterdayIeri
  [YEH-ree]
• TodayOggi
  [OH-jee]
• TomorrowDomani
  [doh-MAH-nee]
• 1Uno
  [OO-noh]
• 2Due
  [DWEH]
• 3Tre
  [TREH]
• 4Quattro
  [KWAT-troh]
• 5Cinque
  [CHEEN-kweh]
• 6Sei
  [SAY]
• 7Sette
  [SEH-teh]
• 8Otto
  [OH-toh]
• 9Nove
  [NOH-veh]
• 10Dieci
  [DYEH-chee]

• Where's a/the...?Dov'è...?
  [doh-VEH?]
• What's the address?Qual è l'indirizzo?
  [kwal eh leen-DEE-ree-tsoh?]
• Can you show me (on the map)?Puoi mostrarmi (sulla mappa)?
  [POO-oh mohs-TRAHR-mee (SOOL-lah MAHP-pah)?]
• When's the next (bus)?Quando passa il prossimo (autobus)?
  [KWAN-doh PAHSS-ah eel PROHS-see-moh (ow-TOH-boos)?]
• A ticket (to ....)Un biglietto (per ....)
  [oon beel-YET-toh (pehr ....)]

Long before the Romans set their eyes on the Italian Riviera, the region was inhabited by the Ligurian tribes. These ancient people, known for their seafaring skills and trade, left behind traces of their existence in the form of artifacts and ancient settlements. The Ligurians played a significant role in the early cultural development of the region.

The Italian Riviera became part of the Roman Empire in the 2nd century BC. The Romans recognized the region's strategic importance and developed it as a vital maritime and trading hub. They built roads, such as the Via Aurelia, and established ports, which facilitated the movement of goods and people. Remnants of Roman villas, amphitheaters, and other structures can still be found in the area.

During the Middle Ages, the Italian Riviera was a center of maritime power and commerce. The cities of Genoa and Amalfi rose as prominent maritime republics, competing with Venice and Pisa. Genoa, in particular, became a dominant maritime power, establishing colonies and trade routes across the Mediterranean. This period saw the construction of impressive fortifications, palaces, and churches.

The 16th and 17th centuries marked the height of Genoa's power and wealth. The city-state was a major financial center, with its banks and merchants playing a crucial role in European trade and politics. This era saw the construction of grand palaces, such as those along the Strade Nuove, which are now part of the UNESCO World Heritage site. Genoese art and architecture flourished during this period.

In the late 18th century, the Italian Riviera fell under the influence of Napoleon Bonaparte. The Ligurian Republic was established in 1797, following the French Revolutionary Wars. This period brought significant political and social changes, including the abolition of feudal privileges and the introduction of modern administrative structures. However, the region's autonomy was short-lived as it was annexed by the French Empire in 1805.

The Italian Riviera played a role in the Risorgimento, the movement for the unification of Italy. Figures like Giuseppe Garibaldi, who was born in the region, were instrumental in the struggle for Italian independence. The region became part of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. The unification brought economic development and modernization, transforming the Riviera into a popular destination for tourism and leisure.

During World War II, the Italian Riviera experienced significant hardship and destruction. The region was occupied by German forces, and many towns and cities were heavily bombed by the Allies. The post-war period saw extensive reconstruction efforts, and the Riviera gradually regained its status as a prime tourist destination, attracting visitors from around the world.

Today, the Italian Riviera is renowned for its stunning coastal scenery, charming villages, and vibrant cultural scene. The region boasts a rich culinary heritage, with a focus on fresh seafood, pesto, and Ligurian wines. Annual events like the Sanremo Music Festival and the Genoa Boat Show celebrate the Riviera's cultural vitality. The Cinque Terre, with its picturesque villages and dramatic cliffs, has become a symbol of the region's enduring allure.

The Italian Riviera is accessible via several international airports, including Genoa Cristoforo Colombo Airport (GOA) and Pisa International Airport (PSA). From these airports, you can take trains, buses, or rent a car to reach various destinations along the Riviera. Trenitalia operates regular train services connecting major cities like Genoa, La Spezia, and Sanremo. Alternatively, you can access the region by ferry from nearby Mediterranean ports or drive along the scenic coastal highways.

Public transportation in the Italian Riviera includes trains, buses, and ferries. Trenitalia trains are a convenient way to travel between towns, offering scenic routes along the coast. Local buses operated by companies like AMT (Genoa) and ATC (La Spezia) provide comprehensive coverage. Ferries and boats are available for coastal trips and island visits. Taxis and car rentals are also options, though parking can be challenging in some areas. Walking and cycling are great ways to explore smaller towns.

The official currency in the Italian Riviera is the Euro (EUR). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops, though smaller establishments may prefer cash. ATMs are readily available in most towns. It is advisable to carry some cash, especially when visiting more remote areas or markets. Tipping is appreciated but not mandatory; a 10% tip is generally sufficient in restaurants.

The Italian Riviera is generally safe for tourists. However, pickpocketing can occur in crowded areas, especially in popular tourist spots like Genoa's historic center. Areas to exercise caution include the narrow alleys of Genoa's Old Town and some parts of La Spezia near the train station. Avoid walking alone at night in poorly lit areas and keep an eye on your belongings in crowded places. Use hotel safes for valuables and avoid displaying expensive items.

In case of emergency, dial 112 for immediate assistance. This number connects you to police, medical, and fire services. Major towns have hospitals and clinics for medical emergencies. Pharmacies are well-stocked and can provide over-the-counter medications. It is advisable to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. Keep a list of important contacts, including your country's embassy or consulate, handy.

Fashion: Do dress stylishly but comfortably. Italians appreciate well-put-together outfits. Avoid overly casual attire like flip-flops and beachwear in cities. Religion: Do respect religious sites by dressing modestly and covering shoulders and knees. Public Transport: Do validate your ticket before boarding trains and buses. Don't eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a 'Buongiorno' (Good morning) or 'Buonasera' (Good evening). A handshake is common. Eating & Drinking: Do try local dishes and wines. Don't rush through meals; dining is an experience. Do respect meal times, as many restaurants close between lunch and dinner.

To experience the Italian Riviera like a local, visit farmers' markets such as Mercato Orientale in Genoa for fresh produce and local delicacies. Take part in local festivals like the Lemon Festival in Monterosso al Mare. Engage with locals in small trattorias and cafes; they are often eager to share stories and tips. Explore less touristy towns like Noli and Camogli for a more authentic experience. Don't miss hiking the scenic trails of Cinque Terre for breathtaking views of the coast.