Roxburgh Mains: Echoes of a Lost Medieval Stronghold

Strategic Origins and Medieval Significance

Roxburgh Mains occupies the historic site of Roxburgh Castle, founded around 1128 by King David I of Scotland. The castle’s location on a steep mound between the Rivers Tweed and Teviot provided commanding views and control over vital river crossings. Over the centuries, the castle was a focal point in the border wars, frequently changing hands between Scottish and English forces. It was a key royal fortress and the center of a bustling medieval town, which grew into a royal burgh with significant trade and administrative importance.

Chronicles of Conflict and Royal Tragedy

The castle’s history is marked by repeated sieges and battles. Notably, in 1460, King James II of Scotland was killed during a siege when a cannon exploded near him. This tragic event underscored the fierce struggle for control in the Borders. Following this, the Scots destroyed the castle to prevent English reoccupation. The site was briefly rebuilt but was ultimately demolished under the Treaty of Norham in 1551, leaving the castle in ruins.

Archaeological Remains and Landscape

Today, Roxburgh Mains features earthworks and scattered stone remnants, primarily on the south side of the mound. The site is overgrown but retains its evocative atmosphere, with the large mound rising prominently above the surrounding pastures. The ruins lie within the grounds of Floors Castle estate, across the river from Kelso, offering panoramic views of the Borders’ rolling landscape and the confluence of the Tweed and Teviot rivers.

The Lost Town of Roxburgh

Adjacent to the castle was the medieval town of Roxburgh, once one of Scotland’s largest and most important royal burghs. It hosted the Royal Mint and was a thriving center of commerce and governance. However, after the castle’s destruction, the town was abandoned and fell into ruin. Archaeological investigations have revealed street layouts, defensive earthworks, and building foundations, shedding light on the life and decline of this lost medieval community.

Connection to Floors Castle and Kelso

The ruins of Roxburgh Castle and the archaeological site of Roxburgh Mains are situated near Floors Castle, the grand 18th-century seat of the Duke of Roxburghe. The proximity to Kelso, with its Georgian architecture and historic abbey, situates Roxburgh Mains within a rich cultural and historical landscape. Visitors can appreciate the layered history from medieval fortifications to stately homes in this scenic part of the Scottish Borders.

Preservation and Visitor Experience

While the site lacks extensive visitor facilities or interpretive signage, it offers a compelling glimpse into Scotland’s turbulent past. Access is on foot through the Floors Castle estate, and good walking boots are recommended due to uneven terrain. The site’s overgrown nature adds to its mysterious charm but also calls for careful exploration. Roxburgh Mains is a poignant reminder of the Borders’ legacy of conflict, resilience, and heritage.