The Discovery of Copper
In 1877, a U.S. Army scout named Jack Dunn made a significant discovery in the Mule Mountains of southeastern Arizona. Dunn found promising signs of mineral wealth, leading to the establishment of the Copper Queen Mine. This discovery marked the beginning of Bisbee's transformation from a remote, rugged area into a thriving mining town.
The Founding of Bisbee
Bisbee was officially founded in 1880 and named after Judge DeWitt Bisbee, a financial backer of the Copper Queen Mine. The town quickly grew as word spread of its rich mineral deposits, attracting miners and entrepreneurs from across the country. By the early 20th century, Bisbee had become one of the most productive mining towns in the United States.
The Lavender Pit
The Lavender Pit is an open-pit copper mine named after Harrison M. Lavender, the vice-president and general manager of Phelps Dodge Corporation. Opened in 1950, the pit was a significant source of copper until its closure in 1974. Today, the Lavender Pit is a striking landmark, offering a glimpse into Bisbee's industrial past.
Bisbee Deportation of 1917
One of the most notorious events in Bisbee's history is the Bisbee Deportation of 1917. During a labor strike organized by the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), over 1,300 striking miners were forcibly rounded up by a posse organized by the mining companies. The miners were loaded onto cattle cars and deported to New Mexico, an act that remains a contentious chapter in labor history.
The Decline of Mining
By the mid-20th century, the demand for copper began to wane, and Bisbee's mining industry started to decline. In 1975, Phelps Dodge closed the Copper Queen Mine, marking the end of large-scale mining operations in the town. Despite this, Bisbee managed to reinvent itself as a cultural and artistic hub, attracting tourists and new residents with its historic charm and vibrant community.
Ghost Town to Artistic Colony
Following the decline of its mining industry, Bisbee faced economic hardships and a dwindling population. However, the town experienced a revival in the late 20th century as artists, musicians, and free spirits moved in, drawn by Bisbee's unique character and affordable living. Today, Bisbee is known for its thriving arts scene, historic architecture, and eclectic culture.
Historic Preservation
Bisbee's rich history is preserved through its well-maintained historic districts and buildings. The town's architectural heritage, including Victorian-style homes and early 20th-century commercial buildings, has earned it a place on the National Register of Historic Places. Visitors can explore Bisbee's storied past through its museums, guided tours, and annual events celebrating the town's mining legacy.
Bisbee Today
Today, Bisbee is a vibrant town with a blend of historical charm and modern creativity. The town hosts numerous festivals, art galleries, and cultural events that celebrate its diverse heritage. The Copper Queen Library, one of the oldest continuously operating public libraries in Arizona, and the Bisbee Mining & Historical Museum, an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, offer insights into Bisbee's storied past and present.