Rouen: The Heart of Normandy's Rich History

• HelloBonjour
  [bohn-zhoor]
• GoodbyeAu revoir
  [oh ruh-vwahr]
• YesOui
  [wee]
• NoNon
  [nohn]
• Please/You're welcomeS'il vous plaît/De rien
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• Thank youMerci
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• Excuse me/SorryExcusez-moi/Désolé
  [ehks-kyew-zay mwah / day-zoh-lay]
• How are you?Comment ça va?
  [koh-mohn sah vah]
• Fine. And you?Bien. Et vous?
  [byen. ay voo]
• Do you speak English?Parlez-vous anglais?
  [par-lay voo ahn-glay]
• I don't understandJe ne comprends pas
  [zhuh nuh kohm-prahnd pah]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseJe voudrais voir la carte, s'il vous plaît
  [zhuh voo-dray vwahr lah kart, seel voo pleh]
• I don't eat meatJe ne mange pas de viande
  [zhuh nuh mahnj pah duh vyand]
• Cheers!Santé!
  [sahn-tay]
• I would like to pay, pleaseJe voudrais payer, s'il vous plaît
  [zhuh voo-dray pay-yay, seel voo pleh]

• Help!Au secours!
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• Go away!Allez-vous en!
  [ah-lay vooz ahn]
• Call the Police!Appelez la police!
  [ah-peh-lay lah poh-lees]
• Call a doctor!Appelez un médecin!
  [ah-peh-lay ahn mayd-sahn]
• I'm lostJe suis perdu
  [zhuh swee pehr-doo]
• I'm illJe suis malade
  [zhuh swee mah-lahd]

• I'd like to buy...Je voudrais acheter...
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• I'm just lookingJe regarde juste
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• How much is it?Combien ça coûte?
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• That's too expensiveC'est trop cher
  [say troh shair]
• Can you lower the price?Pouvez-vous baisser le prix?
  [poo-vey voo beh-say luh pree]

• What time is it?Quelle heure est-il?
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• It's one o'clockIl est une heure
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• Half past (10)Dix heures et demie
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• MorningMatin
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• AfternoonAprès-midi
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• EveningSoir
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• YesterdayHier
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• TodayAujourd'hui
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• TomorrowDemain
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• 1Un
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• 2Deux
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• 3Trois
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• 4Quatre
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• 5Cinq
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• 6Six
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• 7Sept
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• 8Huit
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• 9Neuf
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• 10Dix
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• Where's a/the...?Où se trouve...?
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• What's the address?Quelle est l'adresse?
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• Can you show me (on the map)?Pouvez-vous me montrer (sur la carte)?
  [poo-vey voo muh mohn-tray (soor lah kart)]
• When's the next (bus)?Quand est le prochain (bus)?
  [kahnd eh luh proh-shang (boos)]
• A ticket (to ....)Un billet (pour ....)
  [uhn bee-yay (poor)]

Rouen, located in the Normandy region of France, traces its origins back to the Roman era. Founded by the Romans as Rotomagus, it became an important settlement and the second-largest city in Roman Gaul. The city was strategically situated on the Seine River, which facilitated trade and transportation.

In the 9th century, Rouen fell under the control of Viking invaders. In 841, the Vikings, led by Rollo, captured Rouen and established it as the capital of the Duchy of Normandy. Rollo's descendants would go on to play crucial roles in European history, including the Norman conquest of England in 1066.

Rouen is famously known as the place where Joan of Arc, the French heroine and saint, was tried and executed. In 1431, during the Hundred Years' War, Joan was captured by the Burgundians and handed over to the English, who held her trial in Rouen. She was convicted of heresy and burned at the stake in the city's marketplace. Today, the Church of St. Joan of Arc stands as a monument to her memory.

The Rouen Cathedral, officially known as the Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Rouen, is one of the most remarkable examples of Gothic architecture in France. Construction of the cathedral began in the 12th century and continued for several centuries. Its stunning façade, detailed sculptures, and towering spire have inspired many artists, including the famous Impressionist painter Claude Monet, who created a series of paintings capturing the cathedral in different lighting conditions.

Like much of Europe, Rouen was significantly affected by the Black Death in the mid-14th century. The bubonic plague swept through the city, leading to a large number of deaths and a profound impact on the population and economy. The city's medieval streets and structures bear silent witness to this dark chapter in its history.

During World War II, Rouen suffered extensive damage due to Allied bombings aimed at disrupting German supply lines. The city was occupied by German forces until its liberation by the Allies in 1944. Post-war, Rouen underwent significant reconstruction to restore its historical buildings and infrastructure, blending its rich past with modern development.

In the post-war period, Rouen experienced a cultural renaissance. The city has become a hub for arts and history, hosting numerous museums, galleries, and cultural events. The Musée des Beaux-Arts, for instance, houses an impressive collection of paintings, sculptures, and decorative arts, showcasing works from the Renaissance to the modern era.

Rouen is accessible via multiple modes of transportation. The closest major airport is Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport (CDG), located about 135 kilometers from Rouen. From the airport, you can take a direct train from Paris Saint-Lazare Station to Rouen-Rive-Droite Station, which takes approximately 1.5 hours. Alternatively, buses and rental cars are available for the journey. The city is also well-connected by train to other major French cities, making it a convenient destination for travelers.

Rouen offers a variety of transportation options. The city features an efficient public transport network, including buses and trams operated by TCAR. Tickets can be purchased at kiosks, online, or directly on the bus. Taxis and ride-sharing services like Uber are also available. For those who prefer to explore on foot, many of Rouen's main attractions are within walking distance. Additionally, renting a bike is a popular option, with several bike rental stations scattered throughout the city.

The official currency in France is the Euro (€). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops. However, it's advisable to carry some cash for small purchases, especially in local markets and smaller establishments. ATMs are plentiful in Rouen, and major banks are available for currency exchange services. Contactless payment methods are also becoming increasingly popular.

Rouen is generally considered safe for tourists. However, like any urban area, it's important to stay vigilant. Avoid poorly lit areas at night and be cautious in crowded places where pickpocketing can occur. Areas around the train station and some parts of the city center are known for higher petty crime rates, so exercise standard precautions. Keep your belongings secure and be aware of your surroundings.

In case of emergency, dial 112 for immediate assistance in France. This number connects you to emergency services, including police, fire, and medical help. Rouen has several hospitals and medical facilities, such as the CHU de Rouen. Pharmacies are also readily available for minor health issues. It's advisable to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies before your trip.

Fashion: Do dress smart-casual, as the French appreciate a well-put-together outfit. Avoid overly touristy attire like large backpacks and sportswear. Religion: Do respect religious sites by dressing modestly and keeping noise to a minimum. Public Transport: Do validate your ticket before boarding and offer your seat to the elderly or those in need. Don't eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a polite 'Bonjour' and a handshake. Eating & Drinking: Do try the local cuisine and wines. Don't rush through meals; dining is a leisurely experience in France.

To experience Rouen like a local, visit the weekly markets at Place Saint-Marc for fresh produce and regional specialties. Take a leisurely stroll along the Seine River and enjoy a coffee at a local café. Engage with locals by learning a few basic French phrases; they appreciate the effort. Don’t miss the light show at Rouen Cathedral, which runs during the summer months and showcases the history and architecture of this iconic building.