Jeju City: The Island's Gateway to Natural Wonders

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Jeju Island, including Jeju City, was formed through volcanic activity millions of years ago. Hallasan, a shield volcano that dominates the island, last erupted around 5,000 years ago, creating the unique landscape that characterizes the island today. The island's volcanic origin is evident in its numerous lava tubes and basalt formations.

Jeju's early history is tied to the Tamna Kingdom, which existed from around the 1st century BCE to the 12th century CE. The kingdom was known for its maritime prowess and established trade routes with China, Japan, and other Korean kingdoms. Artifacts from this period, such as earthenware and stone tools, provide a glimpse into the island's early culture and society.

In the 13th century, Jeju became a strategic outpost for the Mongol Empire during their invasions of Korea. The island was used as a base for military operations and horse breeding. The Mongol influence can still be seen today in the island’s breed of small but sturdy horses, known as Jeju ponies.

During the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1897), Jeju was largely isolated from the mainland. The island served as a place of exile for political prisoners, who contributed to the cultural and intellectual life of the island. This period saw the development of unique cultural practices and dialects that distinguish Jeju from the rest of Korea.

From 1910 to 1945, Korea was under Japanese occupation, and Jeju was no exception. The island's residents endured harsh labor conditions and cultural suppression. During World War II, Japan built military facilities on Jeju, which left a lasting impact on the island's landscape and infrastructure.

One of the most tragic events in Jeju's modern history is the Jeju Uprising of 1948. As South Korea prepared for national elections, protests against the government led to violent clashes. The suppression of the uprising resulted in the deaths of tens of thousands of Jeju residents, and the event remained a taboo topic for decades.

In recent decades, Jeju City has transformed into a major tourist destination. The island's natural beauty, including UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Hallasan National Park and the Geomunoreum Lava Tube System, attracts millions of visitors annually. Jeju City is also a center for contemporary Korean culture, featuring festivals, museums, and a vibrant arts scene.

Jeju City is located on Jeju Island, South Korea. The easiest way to get there is by flying into Jeju International Airport (CJU), which has frequent domestic flights from major South Korean cities like Seoul, Busan, and Daegu, as well as some international flights from nearby countries. Alternatively, you can take a ferry from the mainland ports such as Busan, Mokpo, or Wando to Jeju Island, though this is a longer journey.

Once in Jeju City, transportation options include buses, taxis, and car rentals. The city has an extensive bus network that covers most tourist attractions and key areas. Taxis are readily available and relatively affordable. Renting a car is a popular option for tourists who want more flexibility to explore the island at their own pace. Make sure to have an International Driving Permit if you plan to rent a car.

The official currency in South Korea is the South Korean Won (KRW). Credit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops in Jeju City. However, it is advisable to carry some cash for smaller establishments or in rural areas. ATMs are available throughout the city, but ensure your card is compatible with South Korean ATMs.

Jeju City is generally safe for tourists. Crime rates are low, but it's always wise to take standard precautions. Avoid isolated areas at night and keep an eye on your belongings in crowded places. While there are no specific high-crime areas targeting tourists, always stay vigilant and aware of your surroundings.

In case of emergency, dial 112 for police assistance or 119 for fire and medical emergencies. Jeju International Hospital and Cheju Halla General Hospital are among the major medical facilities in Jeju City. It is recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. Pharmacies are available for minor health issues.

Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Avoid wearing overly revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions. Remove your shoes when entering temples and homes. Public Transport: Do be respectful and give up your seat to elderly passengers. Don’t talk loudly or eat on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a slight bow or a handshake. Use both hands when giving or receiving something. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don’t leave food uneaten, as it can be considered wasteful.

To experience Jeju City like a local, visit traditional markets like Dongmun Market where you can buy fresh produce and local specialties. Wake up early to catch the sunrise at Seongsan Ilchulbong, a popular local activity. Engage with locals in cafes or restaurants to get insider tips on lesser-known attractions. For a unique experience, try the local black pork BBQ, a Jeju specialty.