Pamplona: The Heartbeat of Navarra

• HelloHola
  [oh-lah]
• GoodbyeAdiós
  [ah-dee-ohs]
• YesSí
  [see]
• NoNo
  [noh]
• Please/You're welcomePor favor/De nada
  [por fah-vor/de nah-dah]
• Thank youGracias
  [grah-thyahs]
• Excuse me/SorryPerdón/Lo siento
  [pair-dohn/loh see-en-toh]
• How are you?¿Cómo estás?
  [koh-moh ehs-tahs]
• Fine. And you?Bien. ¿Y tú?
  [byen. ee too]
• Do you speak English?¿Hablas inglés?
  [ah-blahs een-glays]
• I don't understandNo entiendo
  [noh en-tyen-doh]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseMe gustaría ver la carta, por favor
  [may goo-stah-ree-ah ver lah kar-tah, por fah-vor]
• I don't eat meatNo como carne
  [noh koh-moh kahr-neh]
• Cheers!¡Salud!
  [sah-lood]
• I would like to pay, pleaseMe gustaría pagar, por favor
  [may goo-stah-ree-ah pah-gar, por fah-vor]

• Help!¡Ayuda!
  [ah-yoo-dah]
• Go away!¡Vete!
  [veh-teh]
• Call the Police!¡Llama a la policía!
  [yah-mah ah lah poh-lee-see-ah]
• Call a doctor!¡Llama a un médico!
  [yah-mah ah oon meh-dee-koh]
• I'm lostEstoy perdido/a
  [ehs-toy pair-dee-doh/ah]
• I'm illEstoy enfermo/a
  [ehs-toy ehn-fehr-moh/ah]

• I'd like to buy...Me gustaría comprar...
  [may goo-stah-ree-ah kohm-prar]
• I'm just lookingSolo estoy mirando
  [soh-loh ehs-toy mee-rahn-doh]
• How much is it?¿Cuánto cuesta?
  [kwan-to kwehs-tah]
• That's too expensiveEs demasiado caro
  [ehs deh-mah-syah-doh kah-roh]
• Can you lower the price?¿Puedes bajar el precio?
  [pweh-dehs bah-har el pree-syoh]

• What time is it?¿Qué hora es?
  [keh oh-rah ehs]
• It's one o'clockEs la una
  [ehs lah oo-nah]
• Half past (10)Y media
  [ee meh-dee-ah]
• MorningMañana
  [mah-nyah-nah]
• AfternoonTarde
  [tahr-deh]
• EveningNoche
  [noh-cheh]
• YesterdayAyer
  [ah-yehr]
• TodayHoy
  [oy]
• TomorrowMañana
  [mah-nyah-nah]
• 1Uno
  [oo-noh]
• 2Dos
  [dohs]
• 3Tres
  [trehs]
• 4Cuatro
  [kwah-troh]
• 5Cinco
  [theen-koh]
• 6Seis
  [says]
• 7Siete
  [syeh-teh]
• 8Ocho
  [oh-choh]
• 9Nueve
  [nweh-veh]
• 10Diez
  [dyehth]

• Where's a/the...?¿Dónde está...?
  [dohn-deh ehs-tah]
• What's the address?¿Cuál es la dirección?
  [kwal ehs lah dee-rehk-syon]
• Can you show me (on the map)?¿Puedes mostrarme (en el mapa)?
  [pweh-dehs mohs-trar-meh (en el mah-pah)]
• When's the next (bus)?¿Cuándo es el próximo (autobús)?
  [kwan-doh ehs el proh-ksy-moh (ow-toh-boos)]
• A ticket (to ....)Un billete (a ...)
  [oon bee-yeh-teh (ah ...)]

Pamplona, known in Basque as Iruña, was founded by the Roman general Pompey in 75 BC. The city was originally named Pompaelo in his honor. It served as an important military outpost during the Roman Empire, strategically situated in the region of Navarre.

In the early Middle Ages, Pamplona became the capital of the Kingdom of Pamplona, later known as the Kingdom of Navarre. It played a crucial role in the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule. Sancho III of Navarre, also known as Sancho the Great, was one of the most influential monarchs of this period, extending his influence across much of northern Spain.

Pamplona is one of the key cities along the Camino de Santiago, the ancient pilgrimage route to the shrine of the apostle Saint James in Santiago de Compostela. Pilgrims have been passing through Pamplona for centuries, contributing to its rich cultural tapestry and historical significance.

In the late 16th century, King Philip II of Spain ordered the construction of the Citadel of Pamplona. This star-shaped fortress was built to defend the city from potential invasions. It remains one of the best-preserved examples of Renaissance military architecture in Europe.

The San Fermín Festival, held annually in July, is one of the most famous events in Pamplona. It dates back to medieval times and was popularized by Ernest Hemingway's novel 'The Sun Also Rises'. The festival features the running of the bulls (Encierro), where participants run in front of a group of bulls through the city's streets.

During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), Pamplona was a stronghold for the Nationalist forces led by General Francisco Franco. The city witnessed significant political and social upheaval during this period, which had lasting impacts on its development and cultural landscape.

In recent decades, Pamplona has grown into a vibrant cultural and economic center. It is known for its green spaces, such as the Taconera Gardens, and its commitment to preserving its historical heritage while embracing modernity. The University of Navarra, a prestigious institution, also contributes to the city's dynamic atmosphere.

Pamplona is well-connected to various major cities in Spain and Europe. The nearest airport is Pamplona Airport (PNA), which is about 6 km from the city center and offers domestic flights. For international flights, you can fly to Bilbao Airport (BIO) or Madrid-Barajas Airport (MAD) and then take a train or bus to Pamplona. Renfe, the Spanish national railway company, operates regular trains from Madrid, Barcelona, and other major cities to Pamplona. Buses are another convenient option, with several companies offering routes to Pamplona from different parts of Spain.

Pamplona has an efficient public transportation system consisting of buses that cover the entire city and surrounding areas. The bus service is operated by Transporte Urbano Comarcal, with tickets available for purchase on board or via contactless payment. Taxis are readily available and can be hailed on the street or booked via phone or app. For those who prefer to explore on foot, Pamplona's compact city center makes walking a pleasant option. Additionally, bike rentals are available for those who wish to explore the city on two wheels.

The official currency in Spain is the Euro (EUR). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in Pamplona, including in hotels, restaurants, and shops. ATMs are plentiful throughout the city, allowing you to withdraw cash as needed. However, it is advisable to carry some cash, especially for small purchases or in markets. Note that some smaller establishments may not accept cards, so having cash on hand is always a good idea.

Pamplona is generally a safe city for tourists, but it's wise to take standard precautions. Be cautious of pickpockets, especially in crowded areas like the Plaza del Castillo and during the San Fermín festival. Avoid walking alone in poorly lit areas at night, particularly in neighborhoods away from the city center. Keep your belongings secure and be vigilant in busy places. If you have any concerns, do not hesitate to contact the local police.

In case of an emergency, dial 112 for immediate assistance. This number connects you to emergency services, including police, fire, and medical services. Pamplona has several hospitals and clinics, with the Hospital Universitario de Navarra being the largest. Pharmacies are also widely available, and many are open 24 hours. It is advisable to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies.

Fashion: Do dress comfortably but modestly, particularly when visiting religious sites. Avoid overly revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions, especially during religious events. Public Transport: Do be courteous to fellow passengers and give up your seat to the elderly or those in need. Don't eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a handshake or a friendly 'Hola'. Eating & Drinking: Do try local specialties such as pintxos and accept food offerings graciously. Don't rush meals; eating is a social activity in Spain, so take your time.

To experience Pamplona like a local, visit the local markets such as the Mercado de Santo Domingo for fresh produce and local delicacies. Engage with the locals, who are friendly and often willing to share insights about their city. Take a leisurely stroll through the old town and enjoy a café con leche at a local café. Don’t miss the chance to explore the city's rich history by visiting landmarks like the Pamplona Cathedral and the Plaza del Castillo. If you're visiting during the San Fermín festival, make sure to observe the traditional events and festivities, but do so responsibly and respectfully.