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Rocca a Mare Fortress: Guardian of Heraklion's Harbor

Explore the historic Rocca a Mare Fortress in Heraklion: a Venetian landmark with stunning views and a glimpse into Crete's past.

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Dominating Heraklion's harbor entrance, the Rocca a Mare Fortress, also known as Koules, is a historic Venetian structure built in the early 16th century. Explore its well-preserved architecture, discover artifacts from shipwrecks, and enjoy panoramic views of the city and the sea.

A brief summary to Rocca a Mare Fortress

Local tips

  • Check the opening hours before visiting, as they may vary depending on the season.
  • Wear comfortable shoes for walking on the uneven surfaces and stairs within the fortress.
  • Visit during the day to fully appreciate the museum displays and panoramic views.
  • Consider staying until sunset for picturesque views of the Gulf of Heraklion.
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Getting There

  • Walking

    From the Heraklion city center, walk east towards the Venetian Harbor. Follow the coastal road along the harbor, passing the Venetian Arsenal. The Rocca a Mare Fortress is located at the end of the harbor, easily visible from a distance. The walk from the city center takes approximately 15-20 minutes. No costs are involved.

  • Public Transport

    Take a local bus from Heraklion city center to the Heraklion Port. Bus Station A, located a short walk from the ferry port, serves local bus lines. From the port, walk towards the harbor entrance; the fortress is located at the end of the pier. The bus fare is approximately €2.

  • Taxi

    Taxis are readily available in Heraklion city center. A taxi ride from the city center to the Rocca a Mare Fortress will take approximately 5-10 minutes, depending on traffic. The estimated cost is around €15. Taxis can drop you off near the entrance of the port.

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Discover more about Rocca a Mare Fortress

The Rocca a Mare Fortress, or Koules as it's known locally, has stood as a sentinel at the entrance of Heraklion's Venetian harbor for centuries. Originally built by the Republic of Venice between 1523 and 1540, it was designed to protect the harbor and city from naval threats. The fortress replaced an earlier Byzantine tower that guarded against Saracen pirates, highlighting its long history as a defensive structure. The fortress is a massive two-story structure covering approximately 3,600 square meters. Its construction involved sinking old ships filled with stones to create embankments. The ground floor features 26 rooms with vaulted roofs, which historically served as storage for food, munitions, and even prison cells. The upper floor housed barracks, officer quarters, a bakery, a mill, and a small church, making the fortress self-sufficient during sieges. The Ottomans made some alterations, including adding battlements, gun ports and a small mosque. Today, Rocca a Mare is a popular tourist attraction, offering visitors a glimpse into Crete's rich history. Explore the well-preserved structure, discover artifacts from shipwrecks found by Jacques-Yves Cousteau, and wander along the ramparts for stunning views of the harbor and the city. The fortress also hosts cultural events and exhibitions, adding to its appeal as a cultural venue.

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