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Travel Guide to Heraklion

Discover Heraklion, the vibrant capital of Crete, where ancient history meets modern culture. Explore Minoan ruins, savor local cuisine, and enjoy stunning coastal views.

Heraklion: A Gateway to Crete's Rich History and Vibrant Culture

Heraklion, the capital of Crete, is a city that seamlessly blends ancient history with modern allure. Located on the island's northern coast, Heraklion serves as a cultural and economic hub, offering visitors a wealth of experiences. From exploring the remnants of the Minoan civilization to savoring local cuisine, there is something for everyone in this dynamic city. One of the must-visit landmarks in Heraklion is the Palace of Knossos. This archaeological site is the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete and is considered Europe's oldest city. Walking through its ruins, you can almost hear the whispers of ancient Minoan culture. The Heraklion Archaeological Museum, one of the most important museums in Greece, complements this experience by housing artifacts that span over 5,500 years of Cretan history. Heraklion's Venetian harbor and fortress are other historical gems that should not be missed. The Koules Fortress, standing guard over the harbor, offers spectacular views of the sea and the city. Stroll along the harbor to find a range of cafes and restaurants where you can enjoy fresh seafood while watching boats bob in the water. Modern Heraklion is equally captivating. The city boasts vibrant markets, bustling squares, and a lively nightlife. The pedestrian-friendly streets and squares, such as Lion Square with its iconic Morosini Fountain, are perfect for leisurely walks. Don't forget to explore the local shops and boutiques that offer unique Cretan products, from olive oil to handcrafted jewelry. For those interested in nature, Heraklion offers easy access to beautiful beaches and scenic landscapes. The nearby village of Archanes, set amidst vineyards and olive groves, provides an idyllic escape. Whether you're a history buff, a foodie, or a nature lover, Heraklion has something to offer.

Local tips in Heraklion

  • Visit the Palace of Knossos early in the morning to avoid the crowds and the heat.
  • Try local dishes such as dakos, kalitsounia, and Cretan cheese at traditional tavernas.
  • Take a walk in the old town area to see Venetian architecture and explore hidden alleys.
  • Bring comfortable walking shoes as many attractions are best explored on foot.
  • Check local schedules for cultural events and festivals that often take place in summer.
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Neighbourhoods in Heraklion

Koules Fortress (Rocca a Mare) in ...

Koules Fortress

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Old Town

Morosini Fountain (Lion's Fountain ...

Lions Square

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Archaeological Museum of Heraklion

Heraklion, Greece 🇬🇷 - Venetian Walls ...

Venetian Walls

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Historical Museum of Crete

Popular Attractions in Heraklion

  • Knossos Palace

    Discover the historical wonders of Knossos Palace, the heart of Minoan civilization on Crete, with stunning frescoes and remarkable architecture.

  • CRETAquarium Thalassokosmos

    Experience the breathtaking marine life and educational exhibits at CRETAquarium Thalassokosmos in Heraklion, Greece.

  • Morosini Fountain

    Experience the charm of Morosini Fountain in Heraklion, an iconic historical landmark with stunning architecture and a vibrant atmosphere.

  • Aquaworld Aquarium & Reptile Rescue Centre

    Explore the enchanting Aquaworld Aquarium & Reptile Rescue Centre in Hersonissos, where marine wonders and reptile conservation come together for a unique experience.

  • Heraklion Venetian Port

    Discover the historic beauty and vibrant atmosphere of Heraklion Venetian Port, a must-visit landmark on your Crete adventure.

  • Dinosauria Park

    Explore Dinosauria Park for an unforgettable adventure in prehistoric history with life-sized dinosaur replicas and thrilling rides in Greece.

  • Cathedral of Agios Minas

    Explore the Cathedral of Agios Minas, a stunning Greek Orthodox church in Heraklion, rich in history, art, and spiritual significance.

  • Natural History Museum of Crete

    Explore the fascinating natural history of Crete at the Natural History Museum, a must-visit attraction for tourists seeking knowledge and adventure.

  • Historical Museum of Crete

    Discover the rich history and culture of Crete at the Historical Museum of Crete, where the island's past beautifully comes to life.

  • Watercity Waterpark Crete

    Experience the ultimate summer adventure at Watercity Waterpark in Crete, with thrilling slides, relaxing pools, and family-friendly attractions.

  • Holy Cathedral Temple of Saint Titus

    Explore the Holy Cathedral Temple of Saint Titus in Heraklion, a stunning Orthodox church rich in history and architectural beauty, perfect for cultural enthusiasts.

  • Acqua Plus

    Experience the thrill of water at Acqua Plus in Hersonissos, Crete's top water park, perfect for families and adventure seekers alike.

  • Lygaria beach

    Discover the serene beauty of Lygaria Beach in Crete, where golden sands meet crystal-clear waters, offering a perfect escape for every traveler.

  • Arolithos Traditional Cretan Village

    Experience the rich culture and heritage of Crete at Arolithos Traditional Cretan Village, where history, art, and cuisine come together in a picturesque setting.

  • Quad Safari Peninsula

    Experience the breathtaking landscapes of Greece like never before at Quad Safari Peninsula, the ultimate destination for ATV adventures and nature exploration.

  • Nikos Kazantzakis Grave

    Explore the serene Nikos Kazantzakis Grave, a cultural landmark in Heraklion that honors the legacy of Greece's celebrated author amidst stunning Cretan landscapes.

  • Skotino Cave

    Unveil the secrets of Skotino Cave, a breathtaking Crete attraction rich in history and stunning geological formations.

  • Labyrinth Park

    Explore the magical mazes and thrilling attractions at Labyrinth Park, a premier theme park in Hersonissos, Greece.

  • Georgiadis Park

    Experience the tranquility and natural beauty of Georgiadis Park, a serene oasis in the heart of Heraklion, perfect for relaxation and exploration.

  • El Greco Museum

    Discover the artistic legacy of El Greco at the El Greco Museum in Pirgou, a must-visit for art enthusiasts and history lovers.

  • Pirates of Crete

    Explore the enchanting Pirates of Crete, where adventure meets the stunning Mediterranean coastline, perfect for families and thrill-seekers.

  • Venetian Loggia

    Explore the Venetian Loggia, a stunning heritage building in Heraklion that embodies the elegance of Venetian architecture and rich cultural history.

  • Pancretan Stadium

    Discover the electric atmosphere and rich history of Pancretan Stadium in Heraklion, a must-visit for sports lovers and culture seekers alike.

  • Agarathos Monastery

    Discover the tranquil beauty and rich heritage of Agarathos Monastery in Crete, a serene retreat for spiritual seekers and nature lovers alike.

  • Karteros beach

    Experience the beauty of Karteros Beach, a serene paradise with golden sands, crystal-clear waters, and endless opportunities for relaxation and adventure.

  • ELA Quad Safari

    Discover adventure and natural beauty at ELA Quad Safari, the premier tourist attraction in Agia Pelagia, Greece, perfect for all thrill-seekers.

  • Fodele Beach

    Discover the beauty of Fodele Beach, a serene haven in Crete with golden sands, crystal waters, and rich local culture.

  • Bembo fountain

    Explore the enchanting Bembo Fountain in Heraklion, where history and artistry come together in a stunning display of Cretan heritage.

  • Analipsi Beach

    Experience the tranquility of Analipsi Beach in Hersonissos, where golden sands meet crystal-clear waters for a perfect getaway.

  • Fodele Park

    Discover the natural beauty and tranquility of Fodele Park in Gazi, a perfect retreat for relaxation and leisure amidst lush greenery.

  • Lyrarakis Winery & Tasting Room

    Explore Lyrarakis Winery in Crete for an unforgettable wine tasting experience amidst beautiful landscapes and rich local traditions.

  • Monastery Palianis

    Experience the tranquility and rich history of Monastery Palianis, a serene church nestled in the lush hills of Venerato, Crete.

  • Palazzo di Cnosso

    Explore the majestic ruins of Palazzo di Cnosso, a testament to the Minoan civilization and a must-see historical landmark in Crete.

  • Museum of Ancient Greek Technology by Kotsanas

    Explore the marvels of ancient ingenuity at the Museum of Ancient Greek Technology in Heraklion, a captivating journey for history enthusiasts and curious minds alike.

  • Paralia Agia Pelagia

    Explore the tranquil beauty of Paralia Agia Pelagia, a serene beach destination in Crete, perfect for relaxation and marine adventures.

  • Venetian Walls of Heraklion

    Discover the rich history and breathtaking views at the Venetian Walls of Heraklion, a remarkable fortress and tourist attraction in Crete.

  • Venetian Shipyards / Vechi

    Discover the rich maritime history at the Venetian Shipyards, a captivating historical landmark in Heraklion, Greece, perfect for all travelers.

  • Theotokopoulos Park

    Discover the tranquil beauty of Theotokopoulos Park in Heraklion, a perfect blend of nature, culture, and relaxation.

  • Archaeological Area Tylissos

    Explore the enchanting ruins of Tylissos, an ancient Minoan site near Heraklion, blending history with breathtaking natural beauty.

  • Fountain Karavola

    Explore Fountain Karavola, a stunning historical fountain in Heraklion, Greece, and soak in the beauty and culture of this iconic tourist attraction.

  • Aposelemi Beach

    Experience the serene beauty of Aposelemi Beach, where golden sands meet crystal-clear waters, creating a perfect Mediterranean escape.

  • Kouloures

    Uncover the ancient secrets of Kouloures, a captivating historical landmark near Knossos that reveals the rich heritage of Crete's Minoan civilization.

  • Aqueduct of Agia Irini

    Explore the Aqueduct of Agia Irini, a stunning historical landmark in Heraklion, Greece, showcasing ancient engineering amidst serene landscapes.

  • Voulismeno Aloni

    Experience the serene beauty and rich history of Voulismeno Aloni, a must-visit scenic spot in Tylissos, Crete.

  • Panoramic view

    Discover the enchanting panoramic views of Limenas Chersonisou, a scenic spot that showcases the stunning beauty of Greece's coastline.

  • Public park near palace of Knossos

    Discover tranquility at the public park near the Palace of Knossos, where history and nature harmoniously blend in a beautiful setting.

  • Ag. Ekateríni Sinaitón (Museum)

    Explore the Ag. Ekateríni Sinaitón Museum in Heraklion, a cultural haven showcasing Crete's rich artistic and historical heritage.

  • Douloufakis Winery

    Explore the enchanting Douloufakis Winery in Dafnes, Crete, and indulge in exquisite organic wines paired with local culinary delights.

  • Herakleion Central Market

    Explore Heraklion Central Market, a vibrant hub of local flavors and crafts in the heart of Crete, perfect for an authentic Cretan experience.

  • WINERY STILIANOU

    Explore the exquisite wines of Winery Stilianou, nestled in the beautiful Kounavi village, offering a taste of Crete's rich viticulture and stunning landscapes.

  • beach Analipsi

    Discover the serene beauty of Analipsi Beach on Crete’s northeast coast, where golden sands meet crystal-clear waters for an unforgettable getaway.

  • Gournes beach

    Discover the serene beauty of Gournes Beach, a perfect blend of sun, sand, and relaxation on the stunning Crete coast.

  • Quad Safari - the Authentic, Go Xplore Tours

    Unleash your adventurous spirit at Quad Safari in Limenas Chersonisou, where breathtaking landscapes meet thrilling off-road experiences.

  • Βασιλική Αγίου Μάρκου

    Discover the Basilica of St. Mark, a stunning cultural and historical landmark in the heart of Heraklion, Crete, perfect for every traveler seeking beauty and history.

  • Statue of Eleftherios Venizelos

    Explore the Statue of Eleftherios Venizelos, a historical monument in Heraklion, celebrating Greece's rich heritage and political legacy.

  • Anissaras Main Beach

    Discover the serene beauty of Anissaras Main Beach, a perfect blend of relaxation, adventure, and local culture in Crete, Greece.

  • Anisaras beaches

    Experience the enchanting beauty of Anisaras Beaches in Agkisaras, Greece, where golden sands meet crystal-clear waters for the ultimate beach escape.

  • Horizon Diving

    Experience the thrill of diving in the breathtaking waters of Greece at Horizon Diving, where adventure meets expert guidance and unparalleled beauty.

  • St. Catherine's Museum

    Explore the rich Orthodox heritage and artistic treasures at St. Catherine's Museum in Heraklion, a must-visit for cultural enthusiasts.

  • Gournes Beach

    Experience the idyllic charm of Gournes Beach in Gouves, Crete, with its golden sands and crystal-clear waters for the ultimate relaxation.

  • Palaiokastro Fortress

    Explore the enchanting Palaiokastro Fortress, a historical gem in Crete offering stunning views and rich heritage.

  • Church of Saint Paraskevi

    Explore the Church of Saint Paraskevi in Limenas Chersonisou, a serene Greek Orthodox haven rich in history and stunning architecture.

  • Aposelemis Wildlife Refuge

    Discover the serene landscapes and diverse wildlife of Aposelemis Wildlife Refuge, a hidden gem for nature lovers in Greece.

  • Alar Dinner-Show Theatre

    Experience the magic of dining with live performances at Alar Dinner-Show Theatre in Λιμένας Χερσονήσου, where culinary delight meets captivating entertainment.

  • Kenouryia Porta

    Explore the historic Kenouryia Porta, a gateway to Heraklion's rich past, nestled in the vibrant heart of Crete's capital.

  • Archaeological Museum

    Explore ancient Cretan history and culture at the Archaeological Museum in Archanes, home to remarkable artifacts from the island's rich past.

  • Anemospilia

    Explore the ancient Minoan ruins of Anemospilia, a tranquil historical landmark in Crete, rich with archaeological significance and stunning landscapes.

  • South House

    Explore South House in Knossos, a historic landmark showcasing the rich legacy of the ancient Minoan civilization, nestled in the beautiful Cretan landscape.

  • Mount Juktas

    Experience the breathtaking views and rich history of Mount Juktas, the perfect hiking destination near Archanes, Crete.

  • Herakleion Municipal Art Gallery

    Explore the Herakleion Municipal Art Gallery, a vibrant hub of modern Greek art and culture in the heart of Crete.

  • Cooking Lessons Heraclion Baxes

    Discover the art of Greek cooking at Baxes in Heraklion, where culinary traditions meet hands-on learning for an unforgettable experience.

  • Canyon Spiliotissa

    Discover the breathtaking beauty and adventure of Canyon Spiliotissa, a stunning hiking area in the heart of Crete, perfect for nature lovers.

  • Minoan Peak Sanctuary

    Explore the Minoan Peak Sanctuary, a breathtaking historical landmark in Crete, where ancient history meets stunning landscapes.

  • Kornarou Square

    Experience the vibrant charm of Kornarou Square, Heraklion's historical landmark filled with culture, cafes, and captivating stories.

  • Bethlehem Gate

    Explore the historical significance of Bethlehem Gate, a stunning landmark in Heraklion, Greece, showcasing rich cultural heritage and architectural beauty.

  • Museum of musical instruments “Thirathen”

    Explore the captivating world of music at the Museum of Musical Instruments 'Thirathen', where history and melody intertwine in a unique cultural experience.

  • Domaine Paterianakis- Κτήμα Πατεριανάκη

    Experience the essence of Cretan winemaking at Domaine Paterianakis, where tradition meets breathtaking landscapes.

  • Aquadive unique scuba experience

    Explore the underwater wonders of Crete with Aquadive's unique scuba diving experiences in Agia Pelagia.

  • Koronekes Olive. Mill

    Discover the art of olive oil production at Koronekes Olive Mill in Archanes, offering a taste of authentic Greek tradition and culture.

  • Agia Pelagia Beach

    Experience the breathtaking beauty of Agia Pelagia Beach, where golden sands meet crystal-clear waters on the stunning island of Crete.

  • Minoan Palace of Epano Archanes in Crete

    Explore the Minoan Palace of Epano Archanes, where ancient history and stunning architecture meet in the heart of Crete's beautiful landscape.

  • Ottoman Pumphouse

    Explore the Ottoman Pumphouse in Heraklion, a stunning historical landmark that tells the story of the city's Ottoman heritage and architectural beauty.

  • Lighthouse of Limenas Hersonissou

    Discover the picturesque Lighthouse of Limenas Hersonissou, a historical gem offering stunning coastal views and a glimpse into maritime heritage.

  • Scalarea Estate (Boutari Winery Crete)

    Explore Scalarea Estate, where exquisite wines meet the breathtaking beauty of Crete's vineyards, offering a unique experience for wine lovers and travelers alike.

  • Paralia Anissaras

    Experience the breathtaking beauty and tranquility of Paralia Anissaras, a must-visit beach destination in Crete, Greece, perfect for relaxation and adventure.

  • Digenakis winery

    Discover the essence of Cretan winemaking at Digenakis Winery, where tradition meets flavor in the heart of Arkalochori.

  • Herakleion Unknown Soldier Statue

    Discover the Unknown Soldier Statue in Heraklion - a tribute to bravery, surrounded by vibrant local culture and history.

  • Hersonissos harbour

    Experience the enchanting atmosphere of Hersonissos Harbour, a blend of stunning coastal views, delicious cuisine, and vibrant local culture in Crete.

  • Archaeological Site of Vathypetro Villa

    Explore the rich history and breathtaking beauty of the Archaeological Site of Vathypetro Villa in Crete, a remarkable glimpse into Minoan civilization.

  • Κουλουβάχατα Pottery Workshop

    Experience the timeless art of Cretan pottery at Κουλουβάχατα, where tradition meets creativity in Heraklion.

  • Venetian Gate St. George

    Explore the historical Venetian Gate St. George in Heraklion, a captivating landmark showcasing Crete's rich Venetian heritage.

  • Fountain

    Discover the beauty and history of Heraklion's iconic Fountain, a perfect blend of culture and leisure in the heart of Crete.

  • Escape House

    Experience the thrill of adventure at Escape House in Heraklion - where teamwork meets mystery in immersive escape rooms.

  • Church of Saint Matthew Sinaitón

    Experience the serene beauty and rich cultural heritage of the Church of Saint Matthew Sinaitón in Heraklion, Crete.

  • Paralia Limena Chersonisou

    Experience the breathtaking beauty and vibrant atmosphere of Paralia Limena Chersonisou, a perfect beach getaway in Greece.

  • Κρήνη Πριούλι

    Explore the Priuli Fountain in Heraklion, a historical landmark with enchanting architecture and captivating local legends.

  • Playa Con Chicos

    Discover the serene beauty of Playa Con Chicos, a hidden gem in Anissaras, Greece, perfect for relaxation and beach activities.

  • Dia beach

    Discover the serene beauty of Dia Beach, a secluded paradise in Crete, perfect for relaxation, swimming, and snorkeling in the Mediterranean.

  • Irida Family Workshop

    Discover Cretan craftsmanship at Irida Family Workshop, where unique souvenirs reflect the island's rich cultural heritage.

  • Church of Agia Ekaterini

    Explore the Church of Agia Ekaterini in Heraklion - a serene blend of spirituality and stunning Greek Orthodox architecture.

Popular Experiences in Heraklion

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Popular Hotels in Heraklion

Local Phrases

    • HelloΓεια σας
      [Yah sas]
    • GoodbyeΑντίο
      [Adio]
    • YesΝαι
      [Ne]
    • NoΌχι
      [Ochi]
    • Please/You're welcomeΠαρακαλώ
      [Parakalo]
    • Thank youΕυχαριστώ
      [Efharisto]
    • Excuse me/SorryΣυγγνώμη
      [Signomi]
    • How are you?Πώς είσαι;
      [Pos ise;]
    • Fine. And you?Καλά. Εσύ;
      [Kala. Esi;]
    • Do you speak English?Μιλάτε Αγγλικά;
      [Milate Agglika;]
    • I don't understandΔεν καταλαβαίνω
      [Den katalaveno]
    • I'd like to see the menu, pleaseΘα ήθελα να δω το μενού, παρακαλώ
      [Tha ithela na do to menou, parakalo]
    • I don't eat meatΔεν τρώω κρέας
      [Den troo kreas]
    • Cheers!ΥΓΕΙΑ!
      [Yia]
    • I would like to pay, pleaseΘα ήθελα να πληρώσω, παρακαλώ
      [Tha ithela na plirosso, parakalo]
    • Help!Βοήθεια!
      [Voithia!]
    • Go away!Φύγε!
      [Fige!]
    • Call the Police!Καλέστε την Αστυνομία!
      [Kaleste tin Astinomia!]
    • Call a doctor!Καλέστε ένα γιατρό!
      [Kaleste ena giatro!]
    • I'm lostΈχω χαθεί
      [Eho hathi]
    • I'm illΕίμαι άρρωστος
      [Eimai arrostos]
    • I'd like to buy...Θα ήθελα να αγοράσω...
      [Tha ithela na agoraso...]
    • I'm just lookingΑπλά κοιτάω
      [Apla kitao]
    • How much is it?Πόσο κοστίζει;
      [Poso kostizi;]
    • That's too expensiveΑυτό είναι πολύ ακριβό
      [Afto ine poli akribo]
    • Can you lower the price?Μπορείτε να μειώσετε την τιμή;
      [Borite na meioste tin timi;]
    • What time is it?Τι ώρα είναι;
      [Ti ora ine;]
    • It's one o'clockΕίναι μία ώρα
      [Ine mia ora]
    • Half past (10)Μισή (10)
      [Misi (dekka)]
    • MorningΠρωί
      [Proi]
    • AfternoonΑπόγευμα
      [Apoyefma]
    • EveningΒράδυ
      [Vradi]
    • YesterdayΧθες
      [Hthes]
    • TodayΣήμερα
      [Simera]
    • TomorrowΑύριο
      [Avrio]
    • 1Ένα
      [Ena]
    • 2Δύο
      [Dio]
    • 3Τρία
      [Tria]
    • 4Τέσσερα
      [Tessera]
    • 5Πέντε
      [Pente]
    • 6Έξι
      [Exi]
    • 7Εφτά
      [Efta]
    • 8Οχτώ
      [Ochto]
    • 9Εννιά
      [Ennia]
    • 10Δέκα
      [Deka]
    • Where's a/the...?Πού είναι ένας/η...;
      [Pou ine enas/i...;]
    • What's the address?Ποια είναι η διεύθυνση;
      [Pia ine i diefthinsi;]
    • Can you show me (on the map)?Μπορείτε να μου δείξετε (στο χάρτη);
      [Borite na mou dixete (sto charti);]
    • When's the next (bus)?Πότε είναι το επόμενο (λεωφορείο);
      [Pote ine to epomeno (leoforeio);]
    • A ticket (to ....)Ένα εισιτήριο (προς ....)
      [Ena isitirio (pros ....)]

History of Heraklion

  • Heraklion is most famously associated with the Minoan civilization, which thrived from approximately 2700 to 1450 BCE. The nearby palace of Knossos, believed to be Europe's oldest city, serves as a significant archaeological site. Excavations led by Sir Arthur Evans in the early 20th century revealed a complex of grand structures, frescoes, and artifacts that provide a glimpse into Minoan life. The legend of the Minotaur and the Labyrinth is also linked to Knossos, adding a mythological dimension to its historical importance.

  • Following the decline of the Minoans, the region that would become Heraklion saw the rise of various Greek city-states. During the Classical and Hellenistic periods, from around the 5th to the 1st century BCE, the area was influenced by the broader cultural and political developments of ancient Greece. Although less prominent than other Greek cities, Heraklion’s strategic location on Crete made it an important hub for trade and military activities.

  • Heraklion came under Roman control in 67 BCE and subsequently became part of the Byzantine Empire. The city, known as Heracleum during Roman times, continued to serve as an important port and administrative center. The Byzantine period, lasting until the 9th century, saw the construction of early Christian basilicas and other religious structures, many of which have left their mark on the city's architectural landscape.

  • In the early 9th century, Heraklion was conquered by Arab forces who renamed the city Chandax (or Khandaq). The Arabs fortified the city with robust walls and a deep moat, transforming it into a significant center of trade and piracy. This period lasted until 961 CE, when Byzantine forces recaptured the city under the leadership of Nikephoros Phokas. The Arab influence is still evident in the city's layout and some architectural remnants.

  • The Venetians took control of Heraklion in 1204, renaming it Candia. This period marked a time of significant growth and architectural development. The Venetians constructed the massive Fortress of Koules at the entrance to the harbor, along with other fortifications and public buildings. The period also saw the flourishing of arts and culture, with the city becoming a hub for the Cretan Renaissance. The influence of Venetian architecture can still be seen in Heraklion’s old town.

  • Heraklion fell to the Ottoman Empire in 1669 after a prolonged siege that lasted more than 20 years, one of the longest in history. Under Ottoman rule, the city experienced significant demographic and cultural changes. Many churches were converted into mosques, and the cityscape was altered to reflect Ottoman architectural styles. The Ottoman influence is still visible in various buildings and the city’s urban layout.

  • Heraklion was incorporated into the modern Greek state in 1913 following the Balkan Wars and the eventual collapse of Ottoman rule. The 20th century brought significant changes, including economic development, urban expansion, and modernization. Heraklion played a role in the resistance during World War II and has since developed into a vibrant city that balances its rich historical legacy with contemporary life.

Heraklion Essentials

  • Heraklion is the capital of Crete and is well-connected by air and sea. The Heraklion International Airport 'Nikos Kazantzakis' (HER) receives numerous domestic and international flights daily. Alternatively, you can arrive by ferry from Piraeus (Athens) or other Aegean islands at the Port of Heraklion, which is one of the busiest ports in Greece.
  • Heraklion offers various transportation options. The city center is compact and walkable. For longer distances, public buses operated by KTEL are reliable and cover most parts of the city and island. Taxis are readily available and relatively inexpensive. Car rentals are also a popular option, especially for exploring the island at your own pace. Biking is less common due to the hilly terrain and traffic, but some areas have bike rentals.
  • The official currency in Greece is the Euro (EUR). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops. ATMs are plentiful throughout Heraklion, but it's advisable to carry some cash, especially for smaller establishments or in more remote areas. Tipping is customary but not obligatory; rounding up the bill or leaving a small tip is appreciated.
  • Heraklion is generally a safe city for tourists. However, petty crimes like pickpocketing can occur, particularly in crowded areas such as the central market and bus stations. Avoid poorly lit areas at night and keep an eye on your belongings. Always use registered taxis and avoid accepting rides from strangers. The area around the old port can be sketchy at night, so exercise caution.
  • In case of an emergency, dial 112, the European emergency number, for immediate assistance. Heraklion has several hospitals and medical facilities, including the University Hospital of Heraklion. Pharmacies are widely available and usually open from early morning until late evening. It is advisable to carry your European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) if you are from an EU country, or have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies.
  • Fashion: Do dress modestly when visiting religious sites; avoid overly revealing clothes. Religion: Do respect local customs; cover your shoulders and knees when entering churches and monasteries. Public Transport: Do validate your bus ticket upon boarding; don’t forget to carry small change. Greetings: Do greet with a handshake and say 'Kalimera' (Good morning) or 'Kalispera' (Good evening). Eating & Drinking: Do try local dishes like moussaka and souvlaki; don’t rush through meals as dining is a leisurely affair.
  • To experience Heraklion like a local, visit the central market on 1866 Street for fresh produce and local delicacies. Spend an evening at a traditional taverna to enjoy live music and Cretan cuisine. Don’t miss the opportunity to explore the nearby archaeological sites, including Knossos Palace. For a unique experience, take a walk along the Venetian Walls for panoramic views of the city.