Kolkata: The Cultural Capital of India

• Helloনমস্কার
  [Nomoshkar]
• Goodbyeবিদায়
  [Biday]
• Yesহ্যাঁ
  [Hyāṁ]
• Noনা
  [Nā]
• Please/You're welcomeদয়া করে
  [Dôyā karē]
• Thank youধন্যবাদ
  [Dhônyôbād]
• Excuse me/Sorryক্ষমা করুন
  [Kṣamā karuna]
• How are you?আপনি কেমন আছেন?
  [Āpni kēmana āchēna?]
• Fine. And you?ভাল। এবং আপনি?
  [Bhāla. Ēbaṁ āpni?]
• Do you speak English?আপনি ইংরেজি কথা বলতে পারেন?
  [Āpni iṅrēji kathā bōlatē pārēna?]
• I don't understandআমি বুঝতে পারছি না
  [Āmi bujhē pārachhi nā]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseঅনুগ্রহ করে মেনু তালাশ করতে চাই
  [Anugrôh karē mēnu tālāś karatē chai]
• I don't eat meatআমি মাংস খাই না
  [Āmi māṅsa khāi nā]
• Cheers!শুভেচ্ছা!
  [Śubhēchchā!]
• I would like to pay, pleaseঅনুগ্রহ করে আমি দাম দিতে চাই
  [Anugrôh karē āmi dāma ditē chai]

• Help!সাহায্য!
  [Sāhāy'a!]
• Go away!চলে যাও!
  [Chalē yā'ō!]
• Call the Police!পুলিশকে কল করুন!
  [Puliśakē kala karuna!]
• Call a doctor!ডাক্তারকে কল করুন!
  [Ḍāktārkē kala karuna!]
• I'm lostআমি হারিয়ে গেছি
  [Āmi hāriẏē gēchi]
• I'm illআমি অসুস্থ
  [Āmi asus'tha]

• I'd like to buy...আমি ... কিনতে চাই
  [Āmi ... kinatē chai]
• I'm just lookingআমি মাত্র দেখছি
  [Āmi mātra dēkhachi]
• How much is it?এটা কত টাকা?
  [Ēṭā kata ṭākā?]
• That's too expensiveএটা খুব মহঁগা
  [Ēṭā khuba mahm̐gā]
• Can you lower the price?আপনি দাম কমাতে পারবেন?
  [Āpni dāma kamātē pārabēna?]

• What time is it?এখন কতটা বাজে?
  [Ēkhana kataṭā bājē?]
• It's one o'clockএকটা ঘণ্টা
  [Ēkaṭā ghaṇṭā]
• Half past (10)(দশের) আধাটা
  [(Daśēra) ādhāṭā]
• Morningসকাল
  [Sakāla]
• Afternoonদুপুর
  [Dupura]
• Eveningসন্ধ্যা
  [Sāndhyā]
• Yesterdayগতকাল
  [Gatakāla]
• Todayআজ
  [Āja]
• Tomorrowআগামীকাল
  [Āgāmīkāla]
• 1এক
  [Ēka]
• 2দুই
  [Dui]
• 3তিন
  [Tina]
• 4চার
  [Cāra]
• 5পাঁচ
  [Pām̐ca]
• 6ছয়
  [Chôy'a]
• 7সাত
  [Sāta]
• 8আট
  [Āṭa]
• 9নয়
  [Nôẏa]
• 10দশ
  [Daśa]

• Where's a/the...?... কোথায়?
  [... Kōthāẏa?]
• What's the address?ঠিকানা কি?
  [Ṭhikānā ki?]
• Can you show me (on the map)?আপনি আমাকে (ম্যাপে) দেখাতে পারবেন?
  [Āpni āmākē (myāpē) dēkhātē pārabēna?]
• When's the next (bus)?পরের (বাস) কবে?
  [Parēra (bāsa) kabē?]
• A ticket (to ....)একটি টিকেট (... এ)
  [Ēkaṭi ṭikēṭa (... ē)]

Kolkata, originally known as Calcutta, was founded by Job Charnock, an agent of the British East India Company, in 1690. The city was formed by the amalgamation of three villages: Sutanuti, Gobindapur, and Kalikata. It quickly grew into a major trading post for the British in India.

In 1757, the Battle of Plassey marked a significant turning point in Kolkata's history. The British East India Company, under the leadership of Robert Clive, defeated the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daulah. This victory laid the foundation for British colonial rule in India, with Kolkata becoming the capital of British India.

The Black Hole of Calcutta incident occurred in 1756 when Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah captured Fort William. The British prisoners were allegedly confined in a small dungeon, leading to the death of many due to suffocation and heat. This event fueled British animosity towards the Nawab and was a precursor to the Battle of Plassey.

The 19th century saw the advent of the Bengal Renaissance, a period of cultural, social, and intellectual awakening in Kolkata. Key figures like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, and Rabindranath Tagore spearheaded reforms in education, literature, and social practices, shaping modern Bengali society.

The partition of Bengal in 1947, coinciding with India's independence from British rule, had a profound impact on Kolkata. The city witnessed significant communal violence and an influx of refugees from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh). Despite these challenges, Kolkata emerged as a center of political activity and cultural resilience.

In the late 1960s and early 1970s, Kolkata became a hub for the Naxalite movement, a radical communist insurgency. The movement, named after the village of Naxalbari in West Bengal, sought to overthrow the government through armed rebellion. The city experienced significant political turmoil during this period.

The late 20th century saw Kolkata grappling with economic decline and infrastructural challenges. However, the early 21st century marked a period of revival, with efforts to modernize the city's infrastructure, promote IT and service industries, and preserve its cultural heritage. Today, Kolkata balances its rich historical legacy with contemporary development.

Kolkata is renowned for its cultural diversity and vibrant arts scene. The city hosts numerous festivals, including Durga Puja, which is celebrated with grandeur and fervor. Kolkata is also home to iconic institutions like the Indian Museum, Victoria Memorial, and the prestigious Kolkata Book Fair, reflecting its rich cultural tapestry.

Kolkata, also known as Calcutta, is well-connected by air, rail, and road. The Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport (CCU) serves both domestic and international flights, located about 17 km from the city center. Major airlines operate frequent flights to Kolkata from cities across India and around the world. The city is also a major railway hub with two main stations: Howrah Junction and Sealdah, connecting Kolkata to other major Indian cities. For those traveling by road, Kolkata is accessible via national highways and state highways, with regular bus services from neighboring states and cities.

Kolkata offers a variety of transportation options including metro, buses, taxis, auto-rickshaws, and trams. The Kolkata Metro is efficient for getting around the city quickly, especially during peak hours. Public buses operated by the West Bengal Transport Corporation cover extensive routes across the city. Yellow taxis are iconic and widely available, but always ensure the meter is used. App-based cab services like Uber and Ola are also popular. Auto-rickshaws are convenient for short distances. The heritage trams provide a unique way to explore the city, although they are slower.

The official currency is the Indian Rupee (INR). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and major shopping areas. However, it is advisable to carry some cash for small purchases and in places where card payment facilities may not be available. ATMs are abundant throughout the city. Currency exchange services are available at the airport, banks, and authorized exchange centers.

Kolkata is generally considered safe for tourists, but it is important to stay vigilant. Avoid isolated areas, especially at night. Areas like Sealdah and Howrah railway stations can be crowded, so keep an eye on your belongings to avoid pickpocketing. Park Street and New Market are bustling areas where tourists should also exercise caution. Always use registered taxis or app-based cabs rather than accepting unsolicited rides.

In case of emergency, dial 100 for police assistance, 101 for fire services, and 102 for medical emergencies. Most hospitals in Kolkata have emergency departments, with notable ones including Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Fortis Hospital, and AMRI Hospital. Pharmacies are plentiful and can provide over-the-counter medications. It is advisable to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies.

Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Avoid wearing revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions. Remove your shoes before entering temples and cover your head if required. Public Transport: Do be respectful and give up your seat to elderly passengers. Don’t eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a 'Namaste' or a handshake. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don’t refuse hospitality, as it is considered impolite. Avoid drinking tap water; opt for bottled water instead.

To experience Kolkata like a local, visit the local markets such as New Market and Gariahat for an authentic shopping experience. Enjoy street food like puchka (pani puri), kathi rolls, and jhal muri from reputable vendors. Take a leisurely tram ride, especially through areas like College Street and Esplanade. Explore the city's rich literary and cultural heritage by visiting the College Street Coffee House and the Indian Museum. Engage with locals; Kolkatans are known for their friendly and welcoming nature. Don't miss a boat ride on the Hooghly River to see the iconic Howrah Bridge and Vidyasagar Setu.