The Enchanting Kerala Backwaters

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The Kerala Backwaters are a network of interconnected canals, rivers, lakes, and inlets, lying parallel to the Arabian Sea coast of Kerala state in southern India. Formed by the action of waves and shore currents creating low barrier islands across the mouths of rivers flowing down from the Western Ghats, these backwaters have a unique ecosystem and are a natural marvel.

The Kerala Backwaters have been part of the ancient trade routes dating back to at least 3000 BCE. They served as major waterways for the spice trade, connecting the hinterlands to the ports on the Arabian Sea. Traders from as far as Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece, and Rome frequented these waters to procure spices, especially black pepper, dubbed 'black gold'.

According to local legend, Cheraman Perumal, a Chera king, is believed to have converted to Islam and traveled to Mecca. He reportedly sent back a letter granting permission to build the first mosque in India, the Cheraman Juma Masjid in Kodungallur, near the backwaters. This event marks the early spread of Islam in the region.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Portuguese and later the Dutch established their influence in the Kerala region. The Portuguese built forts and trading posts, while the Dutch engaged in battles with local rulers. These European powers left an indelible mark on the culture and architecture of the Kerala Backwaters.

By the late 18th century, the British East India Company had established control over much of Kerala, including the backwaters. The British improved the waterways, constructing new canals and enhancing existing ones to facilitate the transport of goods such as spices, tea, and rubber. Their influence also led to the establishment of plantations and the modernization of local agriculture.

Houseboats, or 'Kettuvallams', have been an integral part of the Kerala Backwaters. Originally designed for the transport of rice and spices, these traditional boats have now become a symbol of Kerala's tourism. The construction of these boats, which involves tying wooden planks together with coir ropes and coating them with a black resin made from boiled cashew kernels, is an art passed down through generations.

The Kerala Backwaters are not just a natural wonder but also a cultural hotspot. The region is known for its traditional art forms such as Kathakali and Mohiniyattam, as well as its festivals like Onam, which is celebrated with boat races (Vallam Kali), elaborate feasts, and intricate floral arrangements. The backwaters also play a crucial role in the local folklore and legends.

In recent decades, the Kerala Backwaters have emerged as a top tourist destination, drawing visitors from around the world. The serene waters, lush greenery, and the unique experience of staying on a houseboat have made it a must-visit spot. Efforts have been made to promote eco-tourism and preserve the delicate ecosystem, ensuring that the backwaters retain their charm for future generations.

The Kerala Backwaters are located in the southern part of India, in the state of Kerala. The nearest international airport is Cochin International Airport (COK) in Kochi, which is well-connected to major cities around the world. From the airport, you can hire a taxi or use a pre-paid taxi service to reach various entry points to the backwaters, such as Alleppey (Alappuzha), Kumarakom, or Kollam. Alternatively, you can take a train from major Indian cities to Alleppey or Kottayam, which are key gateways to the backwaters. Buses operated by the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) also connect major cities to these destinations.

Once in the Kerala Backwaters, houseboats (kettuvallams) are the most popular mode of transport for exploring the network of canals, lakes, and lagoons. These houseboats range from budget to luxury options, offering varying levels of comfort and amenities. For shorter trips, you can hire small boats or canoes, often operated by local villagers. Auto-rickshaws and taxis are available for land transportation within towns. Public buses are also an option for budget travelers, providing connectivity between towns and tourist spots.

The official currency in India is the Indian Rupee (INR). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and larger shops in tourist areas, but it's advisable to carry cash for smaller establishments and remote areas. ATMs are available in major towns like Alleppey and Kumarakom. Currency exchange services can be found at the airport, banks, and some hotels. It's recommended to exchange a portion of your currency before arriving in the backwaters, especially if you plan to spend time in smaller villages.

The Kerala Backwaters are generally safe for tourists. However, it is always wise to take standard precautions. Avoid walking alone at night in unfamiliar areas, and keep your belongings secure, especially in crowded places like markets or bus stations. There are no specific high-crime areas targeting tourists, but staying vigilant and aware of your surroundings is always advisable. Use reputable services for houseboats and local transportation to ensure safety and reliability.

In case of emergency, dial 112 for immediate assistance, which connects you to police, fire, and medical services. Major towns like Alleppey and Kumarakom have hospitals and clinics for medical emergencies. It is highly recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical treatment and emergencies. For minor health issues, pharmacies are available in most towns where you can purchase over-the-counter medications. Always keep a copy of your passport, visa, and travel insurance details handy.

Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially in rural areas and religious sites. Lightweight cotton clothing is ideal due to the warm and humid climate. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions. Remove your shoes when entering temples and cover your head if required. Public Transport: Do be courteous and patient while using public transport. Don’t litter and avoid loud conversations. Greetings: Do greet people with a smile or a slight nod. In rural areas, a traditional 'Namaste' with folded hands is appreciated. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies, especially seafood and traditional Kerala dishes like appam and fish curry. Don’t drink tap water; always opt for bottled water.

To experience Kerala Backwaters like a local, consider staying in a homestay, where you can enjoy traditional Kerala hospitality and home-cooked meals. Visit local markets to buy fresh produce, spices, and souvenirs. Engage with locals, who are generally friendly and eager to share stories about the region's history and culture. Don't miss the chance to attend a Kathakali performance or a traditional boat race if you visit during the Onam festival. For a unique experience, try toddy, a local palm wine, from a licensed shop.