Bengaluru: The Garden City of India

Bengaluru, formerly known as Bangalore, traces its origins to the 16th century. It was founded by Kempe Gowda I, a chieftain under the Vijayanagara Empire, in 1537. The construction of a mud fort marked the beginning of the city's development. Kempe Gowda's vision included well-planned streets and areas dedicated to various trades, laying the groundwork for Bengaluru's future growth.

In the late 17th century, Bengaluru came under the control of the Mysore Kingdom. During the reign of Hyder Ali and his son, Tipu Sultan, the city saw significant military and economic development. Tipu Sultan's rule, in particular, was marked by advancements in technology and trade. The Lal Bagh Botanical Garden, commissioned by Hyder Ali, stands as a testament to this era.

The defeat of Tipu Sultan in 1799 during the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War marked the beginning of British control over Bengaluru. The British established a cantonment in the city in 1809, which led to the development of two distinct areas: the 'Pettah' (native town) and the cantonment (British settlement). This era saw the introduction of modern infrastructure, including railways, telegraphs, and educational institutions.

After India gained independence in 1947, Bengaluru continued to grow rapidly. The city became the capital of the newly formed state of Karnataka in 1956. The establishment of public sector industries such as Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in the following decades positioned Bengaluru as a hub for aerospace and defense research.

The 1980s and 1990s marked a turning point for Bengaluru with the advent of the information technology (IT) industry. Companies like Infosys and Wipro set up their headquarters in the city, transforming it into the 'Silicon Valley of India'. The influx of tech companies brought economic prosperity and a cosmopolitan culture, attracting talent from across the globe.

Bengaluru is renowned for its diverse cultural landscape. The city hosts numerous festivals, including the Karaga Festival, which is one of the oldest and most important festivals celebrated by the Thigala community. Bengaluru's vibrant arts scene is showcased in places like the Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath, which promotes traditional and contemporary Indian art.

Bengaluru boasts a rich architectural heritage, blending traditional and colonial styles. Iconic structures like the Bangalore Palace, inspired by England's Windsor Castle, and the Vidhana Soudha, a massive government building showcasing Dravidian architecture, highlight the city's historical and political significance.

In recent years, Bengaluru has seen rapid urban development. The city's expanding metro system, state-of-the-art shopping malls, and tech parks like Electronic City and Bagmane Tech Park are symbols of its modernization. Despite these advancements, the city strives to maintain a balance between its historical roots and contemporary growth.

Bengaluru, also known as Bangalore, is well-connected domestically and internationally. Kempegowda International Airport (BLR) serves as the primary airport and is situated about 40 kilometers from the city center. Direct flights are available from major cities worldwide. For those traveling by train, Bengaluru has several major railway stations, including Bengaluru City Railway Station (SBC) and Yeshwantpur Junction (YPR). Bus services by Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) and private operators connect Bengaluru to neighboring states and cities.

Bengaluru offers various transportation options, including buses, auto-rickshaws, taxis, and the Namma Metro. BMTC buses are the most popular and economical choice for getting around the city. For quicker travel, the Namma Metro has two operational lines covering key areas. Auto-rickshaws and ride-sharing services like Ola and Uber are widely available. Renting a car is also an option, but be prepared for heavy traffic.

The official currency is the Indian Rupee (INR). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops. ATMs are plentiful, but it's advisable to carry some cash for small purchases and in areas where card payments may not be accepted. Mobile payment options like PayTM, Google Pay, and PhonePe are also popular.

Bengaluru is generally safe for tourists, but standard precautions should be taken. Avoid isolated areas after dark and be cautious in crowded places to prevent pickpocketing. Areas like Majestic and KR Market can be busy and chaotic; it’s essential to stay alert. Always use registered taxis or ride-sharing services and avoid accepting rides from strangers.

In case of emergencies, dial the following numbers: Police (100), Ambulance (108), and Fire (101). Most hospitals have emergency services, and major hospitals include Manipal Hospital and Fortis Hospital. It's advisable to have comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. Pharmacies are abundant and can provide over-the-counter medications for minor issues.

Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Avoid overly revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and remove your shoes when entering temples and certain homes. Public Transport: Do give up your seat for elderly passengers. Don't eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a handshake or a 'Namaste' with folded hands. Eating & Drinking: Do try local cuisine and accept food offerings. Don't refuse hospitality, as it can be seen as impolite.

To experience Bengaluru like a local, start your day with a traditional South Indian breakfast at a local eatery. Visit the bustling KR Market early in the morning for a vibrant display of flowers and produce. Explore the city's numerous parks, such as Cubbon Park and Lalbagh Botanical Garden. Attend a cultural event at the Bangalore Palace or Ranga Shankara Theatre. For nightlife, head to the Indiranagar or Koramangala neighborhoods, known for their lively bars and restaurants.