Upper Myanmar, Myanmar (Burma) Travel Guide

Explore the enchanting temples of Bagan, the historic charm of Mandalay, and the serene beauty of Inle Lake in Upper Myanmar.

Upper Myanmar, also known as Upper Burma, is a region rich in history, culture, and natural beauty. With its ancient temples, bustling markets, and scenic landscapes, it offers a unique experience for every traveler. The area is dotted with significant historical sites, including the famous Bagan Archaeological Zone, where thousands of ancient pagodas and temples stand tall, telling tales of a bygone era. A hot air balloon ride over Bagan at sunrise is a sight to behold, offering an unforgettable view of the temples bathed in golden light. Mandalay, the last royal capital of Myanmar, is another must-visit destination in Upper Myanmar. Here, you can explore the Mandalay Palace, Kuthodaw Pagoda, and the iconic U Bein Bridge, the world's longest teak bridge. For a more spiritual experience, visit the Mahamuni Buddha Temple, where locals and tourists alike pay their respects to one of the most revered images of Buddha in Myanmar. The region is also known for its natural wonders, such as the serene Inle Lake, where you can witness the unique leg-rowing fishermen and visit floating gardens and markets. The surrounding hills and villages offer opportunities for trekking and exploring local cultures. Don't miss the chance to visit Pyin Oo Lwin, a charming hill station with beautiful botanical gardens, colonial architecture, and cool climate. Upper Myanmar's rich cultural heritage, combined with its stunning landscapes and warm hospitality, makes it a fascinating destination for travelers seeking an authentic and diverse experience.

From Eve

Know before you go

Hi, I'm Eve. Here are a few practical things to know before exploring Upper Myanmar.

Visit Bagan at sunrise for the best views and photo opportunities.
Wear respectful clothing when visiting temples and religious sites.
Try local dishes like Mohinga and Shan noodles for an authentic culinary experience.
Hiring a local guide can enhance your understanding of the region's history and culture.
Bring cash, as ATMs are limited and not all places accept credit cards.

Top City Travel Guides in Upper Myanmar

The cities of Upper Myanmar, and the easiest places to base yourself.

Kyaiktiyo

Inle Lake

Bagan

Yangon

Ngapali

Destinations in Upper Myanmar

Resorts, valleys and scenic spots worth a trip of their own.

Kyaiktiyo Pagoda

Golden Rock

Ngapali Beach

Ngwe Saung Beach

Hsipaw

Explore Upper Myanmar: Things to Do, Places to Eat, Hotels & More

Handpicked recommendations for top attractions, local dining, accommodations, and more

Top Attractions & Sightseeing in Upper Myanmar

Top-rated picks

Best Attractions

Browse the full guide

All Attractions

Junction City

Experience the ultimate shopping, dining, and entertainment destination at Junction City in Yangon, Myanmar's bustling urban center.

4.4

Mani Sithu Market

Explore the heart of Nyaung-U at Mani Sithu Market, where local culture, crafts, and cuisine come alive in a vibrant marketplace.

4.0

Mingun Pahtodawgyi

Explore the monumental Mingun Pahtodawgyi, an unfinished Buddhist stupa showcasing Myanmar's rich history and architectural ambition.

4.5

Mingun Bell

Explore the Mingun Bell, the world's largest ringing bell, a monumental symbol of Myanmar's rich history and stunning craftsmanship.

4.3

Best landmarks in Upper Myanmar

Top-rated picks

Best Landmarks

Browse the full guide

All Landmarks

Shwedagon Pagoda

Discover the mesmerizing beauty and spiritual significance of Shwedagon Pagoda, a must-see landmark in Yangon, Myanmar.

4.7

Bogyoke Aung San Market

Explore Bogyoke Aung San Market, Myanmar's vibrant marketplace filled with crafts, local delicacies, and rich heritage.

4.1

Sule Pagoda

Discover the spiritual heart of Yangon at Sule Pagoda, a stunning Buddhist temple with rich history and vibrant culture.

4.3

Mahamuni Pagoda

Explore the spiritual heart of Mandalay at Mahamuni Pagoda, a stunning Buddhist temple with rich traditions and vibrant local culture.

4.6

Best restaurants in Upper Myanmar

Top-rated picks

Best Restaurants

Browse the full guide

All Restaurants

Mingalabar restaurant

Experience authentic Burmese cuisine at Mingalabar Restaurant in Mandalay – where every dish tells a story.

4.3

Aung Thu Kha Traditional Myanmar Food House

Discover authentic Burmese cuisine at Aung Thu Kha Traditional Myanmar Food House in Yangon, where rich flavors meet warm hospitality.

4.2

Feel Myanmar Restaurant 2

Experience the rich flavors of traditional Burmese cuisine at Feel Myanmar Restaurant 2 in Yangon, where every dish tells a story.

4.0

Burma Bistro

Discover authentic Burmese cuisine at Burma Bistro in Yangon, where traditional flavors meet modern dining.

4.4

Best bars in Upper Myanmar

Top-rated picks

Best Bars

Browse the full guide

All Bars

50th Street Restaurant & Bar

Discover the flavors of Yangon at 50th Street Restaurant & Bar, a vibrant spot for local and international cuisine in a lively atmosphere.

4.1

Vista Bar

Experience the vibrant nightlife at Vista Bar in Yangon, where stunning views and delicious drinks await every traveler.

4.0

The Beer Factory Yangon

Experience the vibrant craft beer scene at The Beer Factory in Yangon, where great brews and delicious food meet a lively atmosphere.

4.3

Atlas Rooftop Bar & Lounge

Discover the taste of luxury with panoramic views at Atlas Rooftop Bar & Lounge in Yangon, the perfect spot for an unforgettable evening.

4.4

Best nightclubs in Upper Myanmar

Top-rated picks

Best Nightclubs

Browse the full guide

All Nightclubs

Pioneer

Experience the electrifying nightlife at Pioneer Disco Club, Yangon’s top disco for dance, drinks, and unforgettable memories.

4.1

Apex Sky Bar

Experience breathtaking views and a vibrant atmosphere at Apex Sky Bar in Mandalay, the perfect spot for a memorable night out.

4.2

Emperor

Discover Yangon’s vibrant nightlife at Emperor Disco Club, where music and dance come alive in an electrifying atmosphere.

3.5

Club 5

Experience the vibrant nightlife of Yangon at Club 5, a premier disco club offering unforgettable music and dance.

4.0

Best shops in Upper Myanmar

Top-rated picks

Best Shops

Browse the full guide

All Shops

Myanmar Plaza

Explore Myanmar Plaza, Yangon’s vibrant shopping hub offering diverse stores, delicious dining, and a taste of local culture.

4.2

Junction Square

Explore Junction Square in Yangon: A shopping haven showcasing local culture, diverse cuisines, and entertainment for all ages.

4.2

Taw Win Centre

Explore the vibrant Taw Win Centre in Yangon, where shopping meets local culture and culinary delights in a modern setting.

3.8

Sule Square

Discover the ultimate shopping experience at Sule Square in Yangon, where luxury and local culture blend seamlessly for an unforgettable visit.

4.3

Explore Upper Myanmar on the Map

A handpicked selection of must-see spots in Upper Myanmar, mapped for you.

Upper Myanmar Essentials

Upper Myanmar can be accessed primarily via Mandalay International Airport (MDL), which is well-connected with major Asian cities. From the airport, you can take a taxi or a bus to reach various parts of Upper Myanmar. Additionally, domestic flights are available from Yangon to Mandalay and other regional airports. Overland travel from Thailand to Upper Myanmar is possible through the Myawaddy-Mae Sot border crossing.
In Upper Myanmar, transportation options include buses, taxis, and motorbike rentals. Buses are the most economical way to travel between cities and towns. Taxis are readily available in urban areas like Mandalay and offer a convenient way to explore. For a more local experience, you can rent a motorbike, but always wear a helmet and follow local traffic rules. River cruises along the Ayeyarwady River are also popular for reaching remote areas and experiencing local life.
The official currency is the Myanmar Kyat (MMK). While major hotels and some upscale restaurants accept credit cards, cash is still the preferred method of payment in many places, especially in rural areas. ATMs are available in major cities, but it's advisable to carry enough cash when traveling to remote areas. Exchange rates are generally better in banks and official exchange counters than in hotels or airports.
Upper Myanmar is generally safe for tourists, but it is advisable to take standard precautions. Avoid walking alone at night in unfamiliar areas and keep your belongings secure in crowded places. Some areas near conflict zones, such as parts of Kachin and Shan States, are best avoided due to occasional unrest. Always check the latest travel advisories before planning your trip.
In case of emergency, dial 199 for police assistance and 192 for medical emergencies. Major hospitals and clinics are located in Mandalay, but for serious medical issues, it is recommended to seek treatment in Yangon or even consider evacuation to Bangkok. Ensure you have comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and evacuation. Pharmacies are available in major towns for minor health issues.
Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Avoid revealing clothing. Religion: Do remove your shoes and socks before entering pagodas and temples. Don't point your feet towards religious statues or monks. Public Transport: Do be respectful and give up your seat to elderly passengers. Don’t eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet locals with a slight bow or a prayer-like gesture with hands together. Handshakes are also common but use your right hand. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don’t refuse hospitality, as it is considered impolite.
To experience Upper Myanmar like a local, visit traditional markets such as Zegyo Market in Mandalay. Engage with locals, who are often friendly and willing to share stories about their culture and history. Don’t miss the opportunity to participate in local festivals, where you can experience traditional dances, music, and food. For a unique experience, take a river cruise on the Ayeyarwady River and visit lesser-known villages and historical sites.

When is the best time to visit Upper Myanmar?

With Eve

Useful Local Phrases for Upper Myanmar

You don't need to speak the language perfectly. Even learning a few simple words can make conversations warmer—and locals usually appreciate the effort.

— Eve

6 phrase groups English + pronunciation

Here are the phrases I use most often in Upper Myanmar. Try a few—you'll be surprised how far they go! 😊
❤️

- Helloမင်္ဂလာပါ
  [mingalarpar]
- Goodbyeသွားတော့မယ်
  [thwa dor mai]
- Yesဟုတ်ပါတယ်
  [hoat par tal]
- Noမဟုတ်ဘူး
  [ma hoat bu]
- Please/You're welcomeကျေးဇူးပြုပြီး
  [kyezu pyu pi]
- Thank youကျေးဇူးတင်ပါတယ်
  [kyezu tin par tal]
- Excuse me/Sorryဆင်ခြင်ပါ
  [sin chin par]
- How are you?နေကြတယ်လား
  [neik ja tal la]
- Fine. And you?ကောင်းပါတယ်၊ သင်လည်းဘယ်လိုလဲ
  [kaung par tal, thin lae be lo le]
- Do you speak English?အင်္ဂလိပ်စကားပြောလား
  [english sa ga pyaw la]
- I don't understandကျွန်တော်နားမလည်ပါ
  [kyaung taw nar ma le par]
- I'd like to see the menu, pleaseမင်္ဂလာပါ၊ မီနူးကြည့်ချင်ပါတယ်
  [mingalarpar, menu kyay chin par tal]
- I don't eat meatသားများမစားပါ
  [thar myar ma sar par]
- Cheers!ကျေးဇူးပြုပြီး
  [kyezu pyu pi]
- I would like to pay, pleaseငွေပေးချင်ပါတယ်
  [ngwe pay chin par tal]
- Help!ကူညီပါ!
  [ku nyi par!]
- Go away!ရွှေ့လိုက်မယ်!
  [shwe lite mai!]
- Call the Police!ရဲတပ်ဖွဲ့ကိုဖုန်းခေါ်ပါ!
  [ye tat phwe ko phone khaw par!]
- Call a doctor!ဆရာဝန်ကိုဖုန်းခေါ်ပါ!
  [saya wun ko phone khaw par!]
- I'm lostကျွန်တော်မှားနေတယ်
  [kyaung taw hmar naing tal]
- I'm illကျွန်တော်ရောဂါရှိတယ်
  [kyaung taw yaw ga shi tal]
- I'd like to buy...ဝယ်ချင်ပါတယ်...
  [we chin par tal...]
- I'm just lookingသာယာလျှောက်လှမ်းနေတယ်
  [thaya lha na]
- How much is it?ဒီမှာဘယ်လောက်လဲ
  [di mar be louk le]
- That's too expensiveအရမ်းအထီးကျန်ပါတယ်
  [a yan a hti kyan par tal]
- Can you lower the price?ဈေးကိုလျှော့ပေးနိုင်ပါသလား
  [zei ko lhot pay naing par tha la]
- What time is it?ယခုအချိန်ဘယ်လောက်လဲ
  [ya khu a hkyin be louk le]
- It's one o'clockတစ်နာရီဖြစ်နေတယ်
  [ta na yi phit naing tal]
- Half past (10)ဆယ်လောက်ကျော်နေတယ်
  [hsae louk kyaw naing tal]
- Morningမနက်
  [ma nak]
- Afternoonနေ့လည်
  [nay lya]
- Eveningညနေ
  [nya nay]
- Yesterdayမနေ့က
  [ma nay ka]
- Todayယနေ့
  [ya nay]
- Tomorrowမနက်ဖြန်
  [ma nak phyan]
- 1၁
  [one]
- 2၂
  [two]
- 3၃
  [three]
- 4၄
  [four]
- 5၅
  [five]
- 6၆
  [six]
- 7၇
  [seven]
- 8၈
  [eight]
- 9၉
  [nine]
- 10၁၀
  [ten]
- Where's a/the...?ဘယ်မှာ...လဲ?
  [be mar... le?]
- What's the address?လိပ်စာဘယ်လောက်လဲ?
  [leit sa be louk le?]
- Can you show me (on the map)?မြေပုံပေါ်အကြောင်းပြပါ
  [myae pone paw a kyaw pyaw par]
- When's the next (bus)?နောက်တစ်လေယာဉ်ဘယ်တော့လဲ?
  [naung ta le yain be dor le?]
- A ticket (to ....)လက်မှတ်တစ်စောင် (သို့....)
  [let hmat ta saung (tho....)]

History of Upper Myanmar

The Pagan (Bagan) Empire, established in the 9th century by King Anawrahta, is one of the most significant eras in Upper Myanmar's history. This marked the unification of the regions that now constitute modern-day Myanmar. The Pagan Empire is renowned for its remarkable contribution to Theravada Buddhism and the thousands of Buddhist temples, stupas, and monasteries that dot the Bagan Archaeological Zone.
In the late 13th century, the Pagan Empire faced a significant threat from the Mongol Empire under Kublai Khan. The invasion led to the fall of Pagan in 1287, fragmenting the region into several smaller kingdoms. This period of instability lasted until the rise of the Toungoo Dynasty in the 16th century.
The Konbaung Dynasty, founded by Alaungpaya in 1752, played a crucial role in Upper Myanmar's history. His successful campaigns against the Mon Kingdom and the unification of Upper and Lower Myanmar under his rule marked the beginning of a new era. The dynasty also saw the Burmese–Siamese wars and conflicts with British colonial forces.
Upper Myanmar fell to British forces in 1885, marking the end of the Konbaung Dynasty and the beginning of British colonial rule. Mandalay, the royal capital at the time, became a significant administrative center under British control. This period led to significant cultural exchanges and the introduction of Western education and infrastructure.
During World War II, Upper Myanmar was a key battleground. The Japanese occupation of Myanmar from 1942 to 1945 had a profound impact on the region. Cities like Mandalay saw heavy fighting, and the Burma Campaign became crucial for the Allied forces. The end of Japanese occupation in 1945 paved the way for Myanmar's eventual independence.
Myanmar gained independence from British rule on January 4, 1948. Upper Myanmar, with its historical and cultural heritage, played a significant role in shaping the newly independent nation. The region witnessed several political upheavals, including military coups and pro-democracy movements, particularly centered around Mandalay.
Upper Myanmar is a treasure trove of cultural heritage. The region is home to numerous ancient pagodas, monasteries, and traditional crafts. The Bagan Archaeological Zone, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, showcases the architectural brilliance of the Pagan era. Traditional festivals, handicrafts, and performing arts continue to thrive, reflecting the rich cultural tapestry of Upper Myanmar.