Old Keiss Castle: Ruined Sentinel of Caithness Cliffs

Historic Foundations of a Sinclair Stronghold

Old Keiss Castle was constructed in the late 16th century by George Sinclair, 5th Earl of Caithness, atop the remnants of an earlier Viking settlement. Serving as a family seat and fortification, it symbolized the Sinclairs’ dominance in the region during a time of clan rivalries and political upheaval. The castle witnessed key historical moments, including the aftermath of the Battle of Flodden and the Jacobite risings, with its walls sheltering noble residents such as Sir William Sinclair.

Architectural Features and Defensive Design

The castle is a classic example of a Scottish Z-plan tower house, comprising a main block with two round towers at opposing corners. One tower houses a stairwell capped by a square caphouse, while the other features a bartizan—an overhanging turret for defense. Its walls, relatively thin but pierced with shot-holes, reflect its dual role as residence and fortress. The vaulted basement, first-floor hall, and upper private chambers illustrate typical layouts of the period.

Transition and Decline

By the mid-18th century, the Sinclairs moved to a newer residence nearby, known as the new Keiss Castle, leaving the old castle to gradually fall into ruin. Coastal erosion caused parts of the cliff beneath the castle to collapse, further destabilizing the structure. Today, the remaining ruins are fragile and dangerous but remain a poignant testament to the castle’s storied past and the rugged landscape it commands.

Scenic Coastal Setting and Visitor Experience

Perched on a cliff-top promontory overlooking the North Sea, Old Keiss Castle offers breathtaking panoramic views of Caithness’s dramatic coastline. The site’s windswept atmosphere, combined with its evocative ruins, creates a powerful sense of history and place. Visitors can appreciate the stark beauty of the castle’s silhouette against the sky and sea, making it a favored spot for photographers and history enthusiasts alike.

Legacy of the Sinclair Clan

The castle’s history is deeply entwined with the Sinclair family, a lineage influential in Scottish affairs for centuries. Their legacy includes involvement in national conflicts and local governance, with Keiss Castle serving as a physical emblem of their power. Though time has reduced the fortress to ruins, the stories of the Sinclairs and their role in shaping Caithness endure through this evocative site.

Conservation and Safety Considerations

Due to its precarious condition and cliffside location, Old Keiss Castle is considered dangerous to explore closely. Visitors are advised to admire the ruins from a safe distance and respect any local guidance or restrictions. Preservation efforts focus on maintaining the site’s integrity while allowing public access to this remarkable historic landmark.