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Rocca a Mare Fortress: Guardian of Heraklion's Harbor

Explore the historic Rocca a Mare Fortress in Heraklion: a Venetian-era landmark offering stunning views and a glimpse into Crete's maritime past.

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The Rocca a Mare Fortress, also known as Koules, stands as a historic sentinel at the entrance to Heraklion's Venetian harbor in Crete. Built by the Republic of Venice in the early 16th century, it protected the city from naval threats and served as a vital part of the city's fortifications. Today, it's a well-preserved landmark offering visitors a glimpse into Crete's rich past.

A brief summary to Rocca a Mare Fortress

Local tips

  • Check the opening hours before visiting, as they can vary seasonally.
  • Wear comfortable shoes for walking on uneven surfaces and climbing stairs.
  • Bring water and sunscreen, as there is limited shade.
  • Allow at least an hour to explore the fortress and enjoy the views.
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Getting There

  • Walking

    From the Heraklion city center, walk east towards the Venetian harbor. Follow the waterfront promenade, keeping the sea on your right. The fortress is located at the end of the harbor, approximately a 10-15 minute walk from the city center. No costs are associated with this final approach.

  • Public Transport

    From a bus stop in Heraklion, take a local bus heading towards 'Kentro' or 'Venizelou'. The fare is typically around €1.50. Get off at the stop closest to the Venetian harbor. From there, it's a short 5-minute walk to Rocca a Mare Fortress, which will be visible along the waterfront.

  • Taxi

    From Heraklion Airport, a taxi to Rocca a Mare Fortress will take approximately 10-15 minutes and cost around €15. Taxis are readily available at the airport.

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Discover more about Rocca a Mare Fortress

Dominating the entrance to Heraklion's old port, the Rocca a Mare Fortress, or Koules, is an iconic symbol of the city with a history stretching back centuries. Originally, a Byzantine tower stood on this site in the 7th or 8th century to defend against Saracen pirates. After damage from earthquakes, the Venetians constructed the current fortress between 1523 and 1540, calling it Rocca a Mare or Castello a Mare, meaning "fortress by the sea". The fortress is a massive two-story structure covering approximately 3,600 square meters. Its thick outer walls, reaching up to 8.7 meters in places, house 26 rooms on the ground floor. These rooms once served as storerooms for food and munitions, meeting halls, and even prison cells. The upper floor held barracks for soldiers, officers' quarters, a bakery, a mill, and a small church, making the fortress self-sufficient during sieges. Over the centuries, the fortress has undergone repairs and modifications by various rulers. The Ottomans, who called it Su Kulesi (Fortress of Water), added battlements, gun ports, and a small mosque. Today, visitors can explore the restored fortress, discover exhibits about its history, and see artifacts recovered from shipwrecks by Jacques-Yves Cousteau. The ramparts offer panoramic views of the harbor and city, making it a popular spot for photography and cultural events.

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