Herculaneum: An Ancient Civilization Preserved in Time
Nestled in the shadow of Mount Vesuvius, Herculaneum offers a unique glimpse into ancient Roman life. Unlike its more famous neighbor Pompeii, Herculaneum was preserved under a thick layer of volcanic mud, which has kept its buildings, mosaics, and even wooden structures remarkably intact. This gives visitors an unparalleled opportunity to walk through history, exploring homes, baths, and public spaces as they might have looked nearly 2,000 years ago. The streets of Herculaneum are lined with well-preserved shops, taverns, and homes, providing a fascinating look at daily life in a Roman town. Highlights include the luxurious House of the Deer, with its stunning frescoes and marble decorations, and the public baths, where you can see the intricate heating system used by the Romans. The city's forum and basilica are also must-see landmarks, offering insights into the social and political life of the time. Herculaneum is less crowded than Pompeii, giving visitors a more relaxed and intimate experience. The site is smaller and more manageable, making it ideal for a day trip. Whether you're a history buff or simply curious about ancient civilizations, Herculaneum is a captivating destination that brings the past to life in vivid detail.
Local tips in Herculaneum
- Wear comfortable shoes, as you'll be walking on ancient cobblestones and uneven surfaces.
- Visit early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid the midday heat and crowds.
- Bring water and snacks, as there are limited facilities within the archaeological site.
- Consider hiring a local guide to gain deeper insights into the history and significance of the ruins.
- Don't miss the small museum near the entrance, which houses artifacts found on the site.
Herculaneum: An Ancient Civilization Preserved in Time
Nestled in the shadow of Mount Vesuvius, Herculaneum offers a unique glimpse into ancient Roman life. Unlike its more famous neighbor Pompeii, Herculaneum was preserved under a thick layer of volcanic mud, which has kept its buildings, mosaics, and even wooden structures remarkably intact. This gives visitors an unparalleled opportunity to walk through history, exploring homes, baths, and public spaces as they might have looked nearly 2,000 years ago. The streets of Herculaneum are lined with well-preserved shops, taverns, and homes, providing a fascinating look at daily life in a Roman town. Highlights include the luxurious House of the Deer, with its stunning frescoes and marble decorations, and the public baths, where you can see the intricate heating system used by the Romans. The city's forum and basilica are also must-see landmarks, offering insights into the social and political life of the time. Herculaneum is less crowded than Pompeii, giving visitors a more relaxed and intimate experience. The site is smaller and more manageable, making it ideal for a day trip. Whether you're a history buff or simply curious about ancient civilizations, Herculaneum is a captivating destination that brings the past to life in vivid detail.
When is the best time to go to Herculaneum?
Iconic landmarks you can’t miss
Archaeological Park of Herculaneum
Explore the Archaeological Park of Herculaneum, where ancient Roman life comes alive amidst stunning ruins and rich history near Naples, Italy.
Herculaneum Hotel & Maison
Experience the perfect blend of history, comfort, and convenience at Herculaneum Hotel & Maison, your ideal base for exploring Ercolano and the Amalfi Coast.
MAV - Virtual Archaeological Museum
Explore the MAV - Virtual Archaeological Museum in Ercolano, where ancient history comes alive through innovative virtual experiences and interactive exhibits.
Basilica di Santa Croce
Discover the serene beauty and rich history of the Basilica di Santa Croce in Torre del Greco, a must-visit for art and architecture lovers.
Burger Vi.P.
Discover the taste of Italy at Burger Vi.P., a top gastropub in Ercolano, serving delicious sandwiches and traditional dishes in a vibrant atmosphere.
Tours of Pompeii - Guided Tours of Pompeii, Amalfi Coast, Herculaneum, Naples
Discover the timeless allure of Pompeii through expert-led guided tours, immersing yourself in the history of this iconic ancient city.
Herculaneum Parking
Explore the ancient wonders of Herculaneum with convenient parking that puts you steps away from history in Ercolano, Italy.
Ercolano Scavi
Discover the ancient ruins of Ercolano Scavi, a UNESCO World Heritage site, where history comes alive in the shadow of Vesuvius.
Discover South - Tour Operator Campania
Explore Campania's beauty with Discover South, your trusted tour operator in Ercolano, offering curated experiences of history, nature, and culinary delights.
Temple of Venus
Explore the Temple of Venus in Pompeii, a stunning monument that reveals the spiritual essence of ancient Rome amidst breathtaking landscapes.
Ruins B&B
Experience the charm of Ercolano at Ruins B&B, where cozy comfort meets breathtaking views and rich historical exploration.
Necropoli di Porta Ercolano
Discover the haunting beauty of the Necropoli di Porta Ercolano, an ancient burial site that reveals the mysteries of Roman funerary traditions.
House of Neptune and Amphitrite
Explore the House of Neptune and Amphitrite, a stunning historical landmark in Ercolano, showcasing exquisite Roman art and architecture amidst enchanting ruins.
B&B HERCULANEUM RUINS
Stay at B&B Herculaneum Ruins for a delightful blend of comfort and history near the ancient ruins of Herculaneum, Italy.
Teatro di Herculaneum
Explore the ancient allure of Teatro di Herculaneum, a historic Roman theater in Ercolano, revealing the captivating culture of a bygone era.
Unmissable attractions to see
Amalfi Coast
Experience the breathtaking beauty and rich culture of the Amalfi Coast, a must-visit destination for travelers seeking adventure and tranquility in Italy.
Archaeological Park of Pompeii
Explore the Archaeological Park of Pompeii, a UNESCO World Heritage site, where ancient Roman life is beautifully preserved beneath layers of history.
Royal Palace of Caserta
Explore the Royal Palace of Caserta, a majestic UNESCO World Heritage site featuring stunning Baroque architecture and beautiful gardens in Italy.
Sansevero Chapel Museum
Explore the artistic wonders of Sansevero Chapel Museum in Naples, home to the breathtaking Veiled Christ and a treasure trove of Baroque masterpieces.
Ovo Castle
Discover the rich history and stunning views of Ovo Castle, a must-see landmark in Naples, Italy, overlooking the beautiful Bay of Naples.
Vesuvius National Park
Discover Vesuvius National Park, a stunning blend of nature and history near Naples, featuring hiking trails and breathtaking views of the iconic volcano.
Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Napoli
Uncover the wonders of ancient civilizations at the National Archaeological Museum of Naples, where history comes alive through fascinating exhibits and artifacts.
Castel Sant'Elmo
Uncover the history and breathtaking vistas of Castel Sant'Elmo, a must-see fortress in Naples that offers a unique glimpse into the city's rich heritage.
Castel Nuovo
Explore the historic Castel Nuovo in Naples, a stunning castle that blends medieval architecture with rich cultural heritage, offering breathtaking views of the Bay of Naples.
Museo e Real Bosco di Capodimonte
Explore the art and nature of Museo e Real Bosco di Capodimonte in Naples, where history meets beauty in a stunning setting.
Underground Naples
Explore the rich history of Underground Naples, where ancient tunnels and fascinating artifacts reveal the secrets of the city's past.
Duomo di Napoli
Explore the breathtaking Duomo di Napoli, a Gothic masterpiece and the heart of Naples’ rich history and culture.
Villa Rufolo
Discover the enchanting beauty and rich history of Villa Rufolo in Ravello, a historical landmark offering stunning gardens and breathtaking views.
Chiesa del Gesù Nuovo
Discover the architectural beauty and rich history of Chiesa del Gesù Nuovo, a stunning Baroque church in the heart of Naples.
Complesso Monumentale di Santa Chiara
Explore the serene Complesso Monumentale di Santa Chiara in Naples, a historical monastery complex featuring stunning architecture and tranquil gardens.
Essential places to dine
Terrazza Due Golfi
Experience authentic Italian cuisine with breathtaking views at Terrazza Due Golfi in Ercolano.
Lumos Pub
Experience the vibrant culinary scene at Lumos Pub in Ercolano - where delicious food meets lively nightlife.
Kona
Discover authentic Italian flavors at Kona in Ercolano - enjoy fresh seafood, wood-fired pizzas, and breathtaking views in an inviting atmosphere.
MM Lounge Restaurant
Discover exquisite Mediterranean cuisine at MM Lounge Restaurant - a must-visit seafood destination in Torre del Greco.
Pizzeria Ro.Vi
Discover authentic Neapolitan pizza at Pizzeria Ro.Vi in Ercolano – where every slice tells a story of tradition and flavor.
Pizzeria Luna Caprese
Experience authentic Neapolitan pizza at Pizzeria Luna Caprese in Ercolano - where tradition meets flavor in every bite.
Pappamonte
Experience authentic Italian cuisine at Pappamonte in Ercolano, where every dish tells a story of tradition and flavor.
Ristorante Vesum
Discover authentic Italian flavors at Ristorante Vesum in Ercolano—where traditional cuisine meets warm hospitality.
Cratere
Experience culinary excellence at Cratere in Ercolano—where delicious food meets exquisite cocktails in a vibrant setting.
Masseria Guida
Discover Masseria Guida: A perfect blend of dining excellence, cozy accommodations, and rejuvenating spa experiences in Ercolano.
Brancaccio Ristorante e Pizzeria
Experience authentic Italian flavors at Brancaccio Ristorante e Pizzeria in Ercolano – where every bite tells a story.
La Roccia Al Vesuvio
Experience authentic Italian flavors with breathtaking views at La Roccia Al Vesuvio, where every meal is a celebration of culinary art.
Bistrot Italia
Experience authentic Italian flavors at Bistrot Italia in Ercolano – where every meal is a celebration of tradition and taste.
La Fornacella
Experience the heart of Italian cuisine at La Fornacella in Ercolano - where every bite tells a story.
I Giardini di Cesare
Discover authentic Italian flavors at I Giardini di Cesare in Ercolano - where every meal is crafted with passion and served with warmth.
Markets, malls and hidden boutiques
Archaeological Park of Herculaneum
Explore the captivating ruins of Herculaneum, a UNESCO World Heritage site that reveals the daily life of ancient Rome, beautifully preserved by volcanic ash.
MAV - Virtual Archaeological Museum
Discover the MAV - Virtual Archaeological Museum, where ancient history meets cutting-edge technology in the heart of Ercolano.
Terrazza Vesuvius
Discover Terrazza Vesuvius, a delightful bar and coffee shop in Ercolano, offering stunning views of Mount Vesuvius and a taste of local Italian culture.
Pasticceria Generoso
Savor the finest pastries, cakes, and ice cream at Pasticceria Generoso in Ercolano, where every bite is a taste of Italian tradition.
Donadio Corals and Cameos
Explore the exquisite craftsmanship of coral and cameo jewelry at Donadio Corals and Cameos, a unique gem in Portici, Italy.
Mercato di Resina
Explore Mercato di Resina: a vibrant market in Ercolano, offering fresh produce, local crafts, and a taste of authentic Italian culture.
Rosçìr Cafè
Discover the delightful Rosçìr Cafè in Ercolano, where rich coffee and exquisite desserts await in a cozy, inviting atmosphere.
Umami Bakery Bistrot
Discover Umami Bakery Bistrot in Ercolano for an unforgettable culinary experience with gourmet dishes, artisanal sweets, and a cozy atmosphere.
La Capannuccia
Experience authentic Italian flavors and unique souvenirs at La Capannuccia in Trecase, a charming bar and souvenir store in the heart of Italy.
Paninoteca Mato Mato'
Discover the taste of Italy at Paninoteca Mato Mato', where artisan sandwiches meet the vibrant culture of Ercolano.
Paninoteca - La Isla Bonita
Discover a culinary gem in Ercolano, Paninoteca - La Isla Bonita, where gourmet sandwiches and Italian flavors come together for an unforgettable dining experience.
Andris Hotel
Experience comfort and convenience at Andris Hotel in Ercolano, a perfect base for exploring Herculaneum and the beauty of Naples.
Associazione Vesuvio Natura da Esplorare
Discover the stunning landscapes and rich biodiversity at Associazione Vesuvio Natura da Esplorare, where nature meets history on the slopes of Mount Vesuvius.
MD S.p.A.
Discover authentic Italian flavors at MD S.p.A. in Ercolano – a vibrant supermarket offering local produce, baked goods, and gourmet specialties.
Vesuvius National Park Visitor center
Experience the breathtaking beauty and volcanic history of Vesuvius National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Italy.
Essential bars & hidden hideouts
Roof Garden Lounge Bar
Experience the enchanting ambiance of Roof Garden Lounge Bar in Ercolano, where exquisite coffee meets captivating live music in a stunning rooftop setting.
Lumos Pub
Experience the vibrant atmosphere and local flavors at Lumos Pub in Ercolano, a perfect retreat for travelers seeking relaxation and culinary delights.
Terrazza Vesuvius
Discover Terrazza Vesuvius, a charming bar and coffee shop in Ercolano offering stunning views, delicious drinks, and a cozy atmosphere for travelers.
Pappamonte
Discover the authentic taste of Italy at Pappamonte, a charming restaurant in Ercolano serving exquisite local dishes and fine wines.
Cratere
Discover Cratere, a vibrant cocktail bar in Ercolano, offering creative drinks and a lively atmosphere just steps from historical attractions.
Bistrot Italia
Experience authentic Italian cuisine in a cozy atmosphere at Bistrot Italia, a must-visit destination in Ercolano.
Viva Lo Re
Experience the charm of Italian wine culture at Viva Lo Re, a cozy wine bar in Ercolano, offering exquisite wines and delightful bites.
The Shire Pub
Discover the charm of Ireland in Ercolano at The Shire Pub, where hearty meals and a warm atmosphere await every visitor.
Tubba Catubba
Discover Tubba Catubba, Ercolano's gem for authentic Italian and seafood delicacies, where every meal is a culinary celebration.
Civico 33
Experience the vibrant atmosphere of Civico 33, a beloved bar in Ercolano, perfect for enjoying drinks, coffee, and local flavors.
Burger Vi.P.
Experience the best of Italian dining at Burger Vi.P., a premier gastropub in Ercolano known for its delicious burgers and welcoming atmosphere.
Rosçìr Cafè
Experience the essence of Italian café culture at Rosçìr Cafè in Ercolano, where delightful flavors and a warm atmosphere await.
IQOS PREMIUM PARTNER ERCOLANO - Caffè Don Peppe
Discover the flavors of Italy at Caffè Don Peppe, a beloved bar tabac in Ercolano, perfect for coffee lovers and culture seekers alike.
Bar Sandwich Herculaneum Cafè
Discover the flavors of Ercolano at Bar Sandwich Herculaneum Cafè, where delicious sandwiches and a cozy atmosphere await.
Travel experiences inspired by this city
Local Phrases
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- HelloCiao
[chow] - GoodbyeArrivederci
[ah-ree-veh-DEHR-chee] - YesSì
[see] - NoNo
[noh] - Please/You're welcomePer favore/Prego
[pair fah-VOH-reh/PRAY-goh] - Thank youGrazie
[GRAH-tsyeh] - Excuse me/SorryMi scusi/Scusa
[mee SKOO-zee / SKOO-zah] - How are you?Come stai?
[koh-meh STAH-ee] - Fine. And you?Bene. E tu?
[BEH-neh. eh too] - Do you speak English?Parli inglese?
[PAHR-lee een-GLEH-zeh] - I don't understandNon capisco
[non kah-PEES-koh]
- HelloCiao
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- I'd like to see the menu, pleaseVorrei vedere il menu, per favore
[vohr-RAY veh-DEH-reh eel MEH-noo, pair fah-VOH-reh] - I don't eat meatNon mangio carne
[non MAHN-joh KAHR-neh] - Cheers!Salute!
[sah-LOO-teh] - I would like to pay, pleaseVorrei pagare, per favore
[vohr-RAY pah-GAH-reh, pair fah-VOH-reh]
- I'd like to see the menu, pleaseVorrei vedere il menu, per favore
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- Help!Aiuto!
[ah-YOO-toh] - Go away!Vai via!
[vy VEE-ah] - Call the Police!Chiamate la polizia!
[kyah-MAH-teh lah poh-LEE-tsyah] - Call a doctor!Chiamate un dottore!
[kyah-MAH-teh oon doht-TOH-reh] - I'm lostMi sono perso
[mee SOH-noh PEHR-soh] - I'm illSto male
[stoh MAH-leh]
- Help!Aiuto!
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- I'd like to buy...Vorrei comprare...
[vohr-RAY kohm-PRAH-reh] - I'm just lookingSto solo guardando
[stoh SOH-loh gwahr-DAHN-doh] - How much is it?Quanto costa?
[KWAN-toh KOH-stah] - That's too expensiveÈ troppo caro
[eh TROH-poh KAH-roh] - Can you lower the price?Può abbassare il prezzo?
[pwah ahb-bah-SAH-reh eel PREHT-soh]
- I'd like to buy...Vorrei comprare...
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- What time is it?Che ora è?
[keh OH-rah eh] - It's one o'clockÈ l'una
[eh LOO-nah] - Half past (10)Sono le dieci e mezza
[SOH-noh leh dee-EH-chee eh MEHT-sah] - MorningMattina
[mah-TEEN-ah] - AfternoonPomeriggio
[poh-meh-REE-joh] - EveningSera
[SEH-rah] - YesterdayIeri
[YEH-ree] - TodayOggi
[OH-jee] - TomorrowDomani
[doh-MAH-nee] - 1Uno
[OO-noh] - 2Due
[DWEH] - 3Tre
[TREH] - 4Quattro
[KWAHT-troh] - 5Cinque
[CHEEN-kweh] - 6Sei
[SAY] - 7Sette
[SEH-teh] - 8Otto
[OH-toh] - 9Nove
[NOH-veh] - 10Dieci
[DYEH-chee]
- What time is it?Che ora è?
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- Where's a/the...?Dov'è un/il...
[doh-VEH oon/eel] - What's the address?Qual è l'indirizzo?
[kwal eh leen-dee-REET-soh] - Can you show me (on the map)?Puoi mostrarmi (sulla mappa)?
[PWAW-ee mohs-TRAHR-mee (SOOL-lah MAHP-pah)] - When's the next (bus)?Quando è il prossimo (autobus)?
[KWAN-doh eh eel PROHS-soh pross-SEE-moh (OW-toh-BOOS)] - A ticket (to ....)Un biglietto (per ....)
[oon bee-LYEH-toh (pair)]
- Where's a/the...?Dov'è un/il...
History of Herculaneum
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Herculaneum, believed to have been founded by the Oscans in the 6th century BC, was named after the Greek hero Hercules. The town gained significance under the Samnites and later became a Roman municipium after the Social War in 89 BC.
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During the Roman period, Herculaneum prospered as a wealthy residential town. Its strategic location on the Bay of Naples made it a favorite resort for Rome's elite. Luxurious villas, bathhouses, and public buildings adorned the town, reflecting its affluence and high social status.
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On August 24, 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius erupted catastrophically, burying Herculaneum under approximately 20 meters of volcanic material. Unlike Pompeii, which was covered in ash, Herculaneum was engulfed by pyroclastic flows, which preserved wooden structures, organic materials, and even food by carbonization.
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Herculaneum lay hidden for nearly 1,700 years until its accidental rediscovery in 1709 by a well-digger named Rocque Joaquin de Alcubierre. Excavations, initially carried out through tunnels, unearthed stunning frescoes, mosaics, and artifacts, sparking a renewed interest in Roman art and culture.
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Systematic excavations began in the 20th century, revealing more of Herculaneum's urban landscape and daily life. Today, efforts are focused on preserving the site from environmental and human damage while continuing to uncover its hidden treasures. The Herculaneum Conservation Project, launched in 2001, has played a pivotal role in these endeavors.
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Herculaneum's residents enjoyed a high standard of living, evident in the well-preserved homes, shops, and public baths. The city's infrastructure included advanced water systems, public latrines, and an impressive sewer network, showcasing Roman engineering prowess. Frescoes and mosaics provide insights into the daily activities, religious practices, and social interactions of its inhabitants.
Herculaneum Essentials
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Herculaneum is located in the Campania region of Italy, near the Bay of Naples. The closest major airport is Naples International Airport (Aeroporto di Napoli-Capodichino), approximately 15 kilometers away. From Naples, you can take the Circumvesuviana train line towards Sorrento and get off at the Ercolano Scavi station, which is a short walk from the archaeological site. Alternatively, you can hire a taxi or use ride-sharing services for a more direct route.
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Public transportation in Herculaneum is well-connected and convenient. The Circumvesuviana train line is the most efficient way to travel to and from Naples and other nearby towns. Local buses also operate within the town and can take you to various attractions. Taxis and ride-sharing services are readily available for more personalized travel. Renting a car is another option, but be mindful of limited parking spaces and narrow streets in the historical areas.
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The official currency in Italy is the Euro (EUR). Major credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops. However, it is advisable to carry some cash for smaller establishments and market purchases. ATMs are available throughout Herculaneum, but it's prudent to withdraw sufficient cash in Naples or at the airport to avoid any inconvenience.
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Herculaneum is generally a safe destination for tourists. However, as with any travel destination, it is advisable to take standard precautions. Avoid walking alone at night in unfamiliar areas and keep an eye on your belongings in crowded places. Be cautious of pickpockets, especially around tourist areas and public transportation hubs. There are no specific high-crime areas targeting tourists, but staying vigilant is always recommended.
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In case of emergency, dial 112 for immediate assistance. This number connects you to emergency services including police, medical, and fire departments. Local police stations and medical facilities are available in Herculaneum. It is highly recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. For minor health issues, there are pharmacies in the town where you can purchase over-the-counter medications.
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Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites, and wear comfortable shoes suitable for walking on uneven surfaces. Avoid wearing overly casual or revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions, especially in churches and other religious sites. Public Transport: Do validate your ticket before boarding trains and buses. Don’t eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a friendly 'Buongiorno' (Good morning) or 'Buonasera' (Good evening). A handshake is common. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don’t rush your meals; Italians appreciate leisurely dining.
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To experience Herculaneum like a local, visit the local markets where you can buy fresh produce and traditional Italian goods. Engage with locals, as they are often friendly and willing to share stories about the town's history and culture. Don't miss exploring the lesser-known parts of the archaeological site for a more intimate experience. For a unique local experience, visit Herculaneum's seaside promenade and enjoy the views of the Bay of Naples. Also, consider taking a guided tour to gain deeper insights into the rich history and significance of the area.
Trending Landmark in Herculaneum
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Archaeological Park of Herculaneum
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Herculaneum Hotel & Maison
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MAV - Virtual Archaeological Museum
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Basilica di Santa Croce
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Burger Vi.P.
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Tours of Pompeii - Guided Tours of Pompeii, Amalfi Coast, Herculaneum, Naples
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Herculaneum Parking
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Ercolano Scavi
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Discover South - Tour Operator Campania
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Temple of Venus
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Ruins B&B
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Necropoli di Porta Ercolano
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House of Neptune and Amphitrite
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B&B HERCULANEUM RUINS
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Teatro di Herculaneum
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