Jerash: The Ancient Jewel of Jordan

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Jerash, known in ancient times as Gerasa, has a history that dates back to the Neolithic period. Archaeological evidence suggests that the area was inhabited as early as 7500 BC. The city gained prominence during the Hellenistic period under the Seleucid Empire after the conquests of Alexander the Great.

Jerash flourished under Roman rule after General Pompey conquered the region in 63 BC. The city became part of the Decapolis, a group of ten cities on the eastern frontier of the Roman Empire. This period marks the golden age of Jerash, where it saw extensive urban development including the construction of theaters, temples, and public squares.

Jerash is renowned for its well-preserved Roman architecture. Key structures include the Oval Plaza, a massive public square; the Cardo, a colonnaded street running through the city; the North and South Theaters; and the Temple of Artemis, dedicated to the city's patron goddess. These structures exemplify Roman engineering and urban planning.

During the Byzantine period, Jerash continued to thrive and became a center of Christianity. Numerous churches were built, adorned with intricate mosaics. The city experienced a decline after the Persian invasion in 614 AD, and later during the early Islamic period starting in 636 AD, though it remained inhabited.

Jerash experienced a significant decline during the medieval period and was largely abandoned by the 12th century. It faded from historical records until it was rediscovered by German explorer Ulrich Jasper Seetzen in 1806. Subsequent archaeological excavations in the 20th century unveiled its ancient grandeur, making it a key site for understanding Roman provincial life.

Today, Jerash is one of Jordan's major tourist attractions, drawing visitors from around the world. The annual Jerash Festival of Culture and Arts, held among the ancient ruins, celebrates the city's rich cultural heritage through music, dance, and theatrical performances. This event underscores Jerash's enduring legacy as a crossroads of history and culture.

Jerash is located in northern Jordan, approximately 48 kilometers north of Amman, the capital city. The nearest airport is Queen Alia International Airport in Amman. From the airport, you can hire a taxi or use ride-sharing services to reach Jerash. Public buses and minibuses (known as 'servees') also operate between Amman and Jerash, providing an affordable transportation option. The journey by road typically takes around 1 hour.

Once in Jerash, getting around is relatively easy. The archaeological site is within walking distance from most hotels and accommodations. For longer trips within the town or to nearby areas, local taxis are readily available. It is advisable to agree on the fare before starting your journey. There are also car rental services in Amman if you prefer the flexibility of driving yourself.

The official currency in Jordan is the Jordanian Dinar (JOD). Credit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and larger shops, but it is advisable to carry cash for smaller establishments and local markets. ATMs are available in Jerash, but withdrawing cash in Amman before traveling to Jerash is recommended to ensure you have sufficient funds.

Jerash is generally considered a safe destination for tourists. However, like any tourist destination, it is important to remain vigilant. Petty crimes, such as pickpocketing, can occur in crowded areas. It is advisable to avoid walking alone late at night and to keep an eye on your belongings. There are no specific high-crime areas targeting tourists, but staying aware of your surroundings is always a good practice.

In case of emergency, dial 911 for immediate assistance. Jerash has local police stations and medical facilities to provide help. It is recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. For minor health issues, there are pharmacies in Jerash where you can purchase over-the-counter medications.

Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Avoid wearing revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions. When entering mosques or religious sites, dress conservatively and cover your head if required. Public Transport: Do be respectful and courteous to fellow passengers. Don’t eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a handshake or a nod. Using ‘As-salamu alaykum’ (peace be upon you) is a polite way to greet locals. Eating & Drinking: Do try local dishes and accept food offerings graciously. Don’t refuse hospitality, as it is considered impolite.

To experience Jerash like a local, visit the local markets where you can purchase fresh produce and traditional Jordanian goods. Engage with locals, as they are often friendly and willing to share stories about the city’s history and culture. Don't miss the Jerash Festival of Culture and Arts held annually in July, featuring traditional music, dance, and performances. Also, consider visiting the Jerash Archaeological Museum to gain deeper insight into the ancient history of the city.