The Ancient Puebloan Civilization
Long before Spanish explorers set foot in the New World, the Taos Valley was inhabited by the Taos Pueblo people, an ancient Puebloan civilization. The Taos Pueblo, a UNESCO World Heritage site, stands today as one of the oldest continuously inhabited communities in the United States. The multi-storied adobe buildings, made from earth, straw, and water, have housed generations of Puebloan people for over a millennium.
Spanish Colonization and the Founding of Taos
In 1540, Spanish explorer Francisco Vásquez de Coronado led an expedition into the Taos Valley, marking the beginning of Spanish influence in the region. By 1615, the Spanish had established the town of Taos as a mission and trading outpost. The San Geronimo de Taos mission church, originally built in the 1600s, was a focal point of Spanish colonization efforts, seeking to convert the Puebloan people to Christianity.
The Taos Revolt of 1847
The Taos Revolt was a significant event in the history of Taos and New Mexico. In 1847, during the Mexican-American War, a group of Taos Puebloans and Mexican settlers rebelled against American rule. The insurgents killed the newly-appointed American governor, Charles Bent, and several other officials. The rebellion was quelled by U.S. forces, which resulted in the execution of many of the insurgents. This event highlighted the deep-seated resistance to foreign rule among the local population.
The Arrival of Artists in the Early 20th Century
The early 20th century marked the beginning of Taos' transformation into an artist colony. Artists such as Ernest L. Blumenschein and Bert Geer Phillips were captivated by the natural beauty and unique cultural heritage of Taos. They founded the Taos Society of Artists in 1915, attracting a wave of artists to the area. This influx of creative minds helped to shape Taos into the vibrant artistic community it is today, with numerous galleries and cultural events celebrating its artistic legacy.
The Influence of D.H. Lawrence in the 1920s
British author D.H. Lawrence spent time in Taos in the 1920s, drawn by its remote beauty and the promise of a simpler life. Lawrence and his wife Frieda were invited by Mabel Dodge Luhan, a wealthy patron of the arts, to stay at her home in Taos. Lawrence's time in Taos inspired several of his works, and his presence further solidified Taos' reputation as a haven for writers, artists, and intellectuals.
The Legacy of Mabel Dodge Luhan
Mabel Dodge Luhan, a prominent figure in the early 20th-century American arts scene, played a crucial role in establishing Taos as a cultural hub. Her home in Taos became a gathering place for artists, writers, and thinkers, including Georgia O'Keeffe, Ansel Adams, and Aldous Huxley. Luhan's efforts to promote Taos as a center for creativity and intellectual exchange left a lasting impact on the community, fostering a rich cultural environment that continues to thrive.